ῥάπτω
See also: ράπτω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Compare ῥέπω (rhépō, “to incline”) and ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to turn in circles”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”), shared with Latin verber, Proto-Germanic *warpą.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥áp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
Inflection
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῥᾰ́πτω | ῥᾰ́πτεις | ῥᾰ́πτει | ῥᾰ́πτετον | ῥᾰ́πτετον | ῥᾰ́πτομεν | ῥᾰ́πτετε | ῥᾰ́πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́πτω | ῥᾰ́πτῃς | ῥᾰ́πτῃ | ῥᾰ́πτητον | ῥᾰ́πτητον | ῥᾰ́πτωμεν | ῥᾰ́πτητε | ῥᾰ́πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́πτοιμῐ | ῥᾰ́πτοις | ῥᾰ́πτοι | ῥᾰ́πτοιτον | ῥᾰπτοίτην | ῥᾰ́πτοιμεν | ῥᾰ́πτοιτε | ῥᾰ́πτοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́πτε | ῥᾰπτέτω | ῥᾰ́πτετον | ῥᾰπτέτων | ῥᾰ́πτετε | ῥᾰπτόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῥᾰ́πτομαι | ῥᾰ́πτῃ, ῥᾰ́πτει |
ῥᾰ́πτεται | ῥᾰ́πτεσθον | ῥᾰ́πτεσθον | ῥᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́πτεσθε | ῥᾰ́πτονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́πτωμαι | ῥᾰ́πτῃ | ῥᾰ́πτηται | ῥᾰ́πτησθον | ῥᾰ́πτησθον | ῥᾰπτώμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́πτησθε | ῥᾰ́πτωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰπτοίμην | ῥᾰ́πτοιο | ῥᾰ́πτοιτο | ῥᾰ́πτοισθον | ῥᾰπτοίσθην | ῥᾰπτοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́πτοισθε | ῥᾰ́πτοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́πτου | ῥᾰπτέσθω | ῥᾰ́πτεσθον | ῥᾰπτέσθων | ῥᾰ́πτεσθε | ῥᾰπτέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰ́πτειν | ῥᾰ́πτεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰ́πτων | ῥᾰπτόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ῥᾰ́πτουσᾰ | ῥᾰπτομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰ́πτον | ῥᾰπτόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔρρᾰπτον, ἐρρᾰπτόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔρρᾰπτον | ἔρρᾰπτες | ἔρρᾰπτε(ν) | ἐρρᾰ́πτετον | ἐρρᾰπτέτην | ἐρρᾰ́πτομεν | ἐρρᾰ́πτετε | ἔρρᾰπτον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρρᾰπτόμην | ἐρρᾰ́πτου | ἐρρᾰ́πτετο | ἐρρᾰ́πτεσθον | ἐρρᾰπτέσθην | ἐρρᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ἐρρᾰ́πτεσθε | ἐρρᾰ́πτοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: ῥᾰ́ψω, ῥᾰ́ψομαι, ῥᾰφήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῥᾰ́ψω | ῥᾰ́ψεις | ῥᾰ́ψει | ῥᾰ́ψετον | ῥᾰ́ψετον | ῥᾰ́ψομεν | ῥᾰ́ψετε | ῥᾰ́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́ψοιμῐ | ῥᾰ́ψοις | ῥᾰ́ψοι | ῥᾰ́ψοιτον | ῥᾰψοίτην | ῥᾰ́ψοιμεν | ῥᾰ́ψοιτε | ῥᾰ́ψοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ῥᾰ́ψομαι | ῥᾰ́ψῃ, ῥᾰ́ψει |
ῥᾰ́ψεται | ῥᾰ́ψεσθον | ῥᾰ́ψεσθον | ῥᾰψόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψεσθε | ῥᾰ́ψονται | ||||
| optative | ῥᾰψοίμην | ῥᾰ́ψοιο | ῥᾰ́ψοιτο | ῥᾰ́ψοισθον | ῥᾰψοίσθην | ῥᾰψοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψοισθε | ῥᾰ́ψοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ῥᾰφήσομαι | ῥᾰφήσῃ | ῥᾰφήσεται | ῥᾰφήσεσθον | ῥᾰφήσεσθον | ῥᾰφησόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰφήσεσθε | ῥᾰφήσονται | ||||
| optative | ῥᾰφησοίμην | ῥᾰφήσοιο | ῥᾰφήσοιτο | ῥᾰφήσοισθον | ῥᾰφησοίσθην | ῥᾰφησοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰφήσοισθε | ῥᾰφήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰ́ψειν | ῥᾰ́ψεσθαι | ῥᾰφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰ́ψων | ῥᾰψόμενος | ῥᾰφησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ῥᾰ́ψουσᾰ | ῥᾰψομένη | ῥᾰφησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰ́ψον | ῥᾰψόμενον | ῥᾰφησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔρρᾰψᾰ | ἔρρᾰψᾰς | ἔρρᾰψε(ν) | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰτον | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́την | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰμεν | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰτε | ἔρρᾰψᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́ψω | ῥᾰ́ψῃς | ῥᾰ́ψῃ | ῥᾰ́ψητον | ῥᾰ́ψητον | ῥᾰ́ψωμεν | ῥᾰ́ψητε | ῥᾰ́ψωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́ψαιμῐ | ῥᾰ́ψειᾰς, ῥᾰ́ψαις |
ῥᾰ́ψειε(ν), ῥᾰ́ψαι |
ῥᾰ́ψαιτον | ῥᾰψαίτην | ῥᾰ́ψαιμεν | ῥᾰ́ψαιτε | ῥᾰ́ψειᾰν, ῥᾰ́ψαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́ψον | ῥᾰψᾰ́τω | ῥᾰ́ψᾰτον | ῥᾰψᾰ́των | ῥᾰ́ψᾰτε | ῥᾰψᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́μην | ἐρρᾰ́ψω | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰτο | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰσθον | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́σθην | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰσθε | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́ψωμαι | ῥᾰ́ψῃ | ῥᾰ́ψηται | ῥᾰ́ψησθον | ῥᾰ́ψησθον | ῥᾰψώμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψησθε | ῥᾰ́ψωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰψαίμην | ῥᾰ́ψαιο | ῥᾰ́ψαιτο | ῥᾰ́ψαισθον | ῥᾰψαίσθην | ῥᾰψαίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψαισθε | ῥᾰ́ψαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́ψαι | ῥᾰψᾰ́σθω | ῥᾰ́ψᾰσθον | ῥᾰψᾰ́σθων | ῥᾰ́ψᾰσθε | ῥᾰψᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰ́ψαι | ῥᾰ́ψᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰ́ψᾱς | ῥᾰψᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | ῥᾰ́ψᾱσᾰ | ῥᾰψᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰ́ψᾰν | ῥᾰψᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔρρᾰφον, ἐρρᾰφόμην, ἐρρᾰ́φην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔρρᾰφον | ἔρρᾰφες | ἔρρᾰφε(ν) | ἐρρᾰ́φετον | ἐρρᾰφέτην | ἐρρᾰ́φομεν | ἐρρᾰ́φετε | ἔρρᾰφον | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́φω | ῥᾰ́φῃς | ῥᾰ́φῃ | ῥᾰ́φητον | ῥᾰ́φητον | ῥᾰ́φωμεν | ῥᾰ́φητε | ῥᾰ́φωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́φοιμῐ | ῥᾰ́φοις | ῥᾰ́φοι | ῥᾰ́φοιτον | ῥᾰφοίτην | ῥᾰ́φοιμεν | ῥᾰ́φοιτε | ῥᾰ́φοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́φε | ῥᾰφέτω | ῥᾰ́φετον | ῥᾰφέτων | ῥᾰ́φετε | ῥᾰφόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρρᾰφόμην | ἐρρᾰ́φου | ἐρρᾰ́φετο | ἐρρᾰ́φεσθον | ἐρρᾰφέσθην | ἐρρᾰφόμεθᾰ | ἐρρᾰ́φεσθε | ἐρρᾰ́φοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́φωμαι | ῥᾰ́φῃ | ῥᾰ́φηται | ῥᾰ́φησθον | ῥᾰ́φησθον | ῥᾰφώμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́φησθε | ῥᾰ́φωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰφοίμην | ῥᾰ́φοιο | ῥᾰ́φοιτο | ῥᾰ́φοισθον | ῥᾰφοίσθην | ῥᾰφοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́φοισθε | ῥᾰ́φοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰφοῦ | ῥᾰφέσθω | ῥᾰ́φεσθον | ῥᾰφέσθων | ῥᾰ́φεσθε | ῥᾰφέσθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐρρᾰ́φην | ἐρρᾰ́φης | ἐρρᾰ́φη | ἐρρᾰ́φητον | ἐρρᾰφήτην | ἐρρᾰ́φημεν | ἐρρᾰ́φητε | ἐρρᾰ́φησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰφῶ | ῥᾰφῇς | ῥᾰφῇ | ῥᾰφῆτον | ῥᾰφῆτον | ῥᾰφῶμεν | ῥᾰφῆτε | ῥᾰφῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰφείην | ῥᾰφείης | ῥᾰφείη | ῥᾰφεῖτον, ῥᾰφείητον |
ῥᾰφείτην, ῥᾰφειήτην |
ῥᾰφεῖμεν, ῥᾰφείημεν |
ῥᾰφεῖτε, ῥᾰφείητε |
ῥᾰφεῖεν, ῥᾰφείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́φηθῐ | ῥᾰφήτω | ῥᾰ́φητον | ῥᾰφήτων | ῥᾰ́φητε | ῥᾰφέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰφεῖν | ῥᾰφέσθαι | ῥᾰφῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰφών | ῥᾰφόμενος | ῥᾰφείς | |||||||||
| f | ῥᾰφοῦσᾰ | ῥᾰφομένη | ῥᾰφεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰφόν | ῥᾰφόμενον | ῥᾰφέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἔρρᾰμμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔρρᾰμμαι | ἔρρᾰψαι | ἔρρᾰπται | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́μμεθᾰ | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐρρᾰμμένος ὦ | ἐρρᾰμμένος ᾖς | ἐρρᾰμμένος ᾖ | ἐρρᾰμμένω ἦτον | ἐρρᾰμμένω ἦτον | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ὦμεν | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ἦτε | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴην | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴης | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴη | ἐρρᾰμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἐρρᾰμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔρρᾰψο | ἐρρᾰ́φθω | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́φθων | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐρρᾰ́φθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐρρᾰμμένος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐρρᾰμμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐρρᾰμμένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐρραφήκειν, ἐρρᾰ́μμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐρραφήκειν, ἐρραφήκη |
ἐρραφήκεις, ἐρραφήκης |
ἐρραφήκει(ν) | ἐρραφήκετον | ἐρραφηκέτην | ἐρραφήκεμεν | ἐρραφήκετε | ἐρραφήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρρᾰ́μμην | ἔρρᾰψο | ἔρρᾰπτο | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́φθην | ἐρρᾰ́μμεθᾰ | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀναρράπτω (anarrháptō)
- ἀπορράπτω (aporrháptō)
- διαρράπτω (diarrháptō)
- εἰσράπτω (eisráptō)
- ἐνράπτω (enráptō)
- ἐπιρράπτω (epirrháptō)
- καταρράπτω (katarrháptō)
- μεταρράπτω (metarrháptō)
- νευρορρᾰ́φος (neurorrháphos)
- πᾰλαιορᾰ́φος (palaioráphos)
- παραρράπτομαι (pararrháptomai)
- περιρράπτω (perirrháptō)
- προσράπτω (prosráptō)
- -ρραφία (-rrhaphía)
- συρράπτω (surrháptō)
- ὑπορράπτω (huporrháptō)
Related terms
References
- “ῥάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ῥάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ῥάπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ῥάπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ῥάπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “orv”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish), 1937
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