ἐγώ

See also: εγώ

Ancient Greek

first person pronoun ^(edit)
case	singular		dual	plural
case	str.	encl.	str.	str.
nominative	ἐγώ		νώ, νῶϊ	ἡμεῖς
genitive	ἐμοῦ	μου	νῷν	ἡμῶν
dative	ἐμοί	μοι	νῷν	ἡμῖν
accusative	ἐμέ	με	νώ, νῶϊ	ἡμᾶς

adjective	ἐμός		νωΐτερος	ἡμέτερος

Alternative forms

ἐγών (egṓn)
ἰώ (iṓ), ἱών (hiṓn) — Boeotian
ἔγω (égō) — Aeolic

Etymology

Cf. Homeric Greek ἐγών (egṓn). From Proto-Indo-European *eǵóH, *eǵh₂óm. Compare for example Latin ego, Sanskrit अहम् (ahám).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.ɡɔ̌ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eˈɡo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/

Pronoun

ἐγώ • (egṓ) (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Thessalian, Koine)

first person singular personal pronoun: I, me, my

Usage notes

ἐγών (egṓn) is used in Epic mostly before vowels, and is used in Doric also before consonants. The dual and plural are νώ (nṓ) and ἡμεῖς (hēmeîs).

Declension

Irregular declension of ἐγώ; ἐμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ / ἔγωγε‡ egṓ / égōge‡
Genitive	ἐμοῦ / μου† / ἐμοῦγε‡ emoû / mou† / emoûge‡
Dative	ἐμοί / μοι† / ἔμοιγε‡ emoí / moi† / émoige‡
Accusative	ἐμέ / με† / ἐμέγε‡ emé / me† / emége‡
Vocative	—
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγώ / ἐγών; ἐμεῖο (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ / ἐγών egṓ(n)
Genitive	ἐμεῖο / ἐμέο / ἐμεῦ / μευ† / ἐμέθεν emeîo / eméo / emeû / meu† / eméthen
Dative	ἐμοί / μοι† emoí / moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ / με† emé / me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγώ; ἐμέο (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ egṓ
Genitive	ἐμέο / ἐμεῦ / μευ† eméo / emeû / meu†
Dative	ἐμοί / μοι† emoí / moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ / με emé / me
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγών; ἐμέος (Doric)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγών / ἐγώνγᾱ‡ egṓn / egṓngā‡
Genitive	ἐμέος / ἐμοῦς / ἐμεῦς / ἐμέθεν eméos / emoûs / emeûs / eméthen
Dative	ἐμῐ́ν / μοι† / ἐμίνγα‡ emín / moi† / emínga‡
Accusative	ἐμέ / με† emé / me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἔγω; ἔμεθεν (Aeolic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἔγω égō
Genitive	ἔμεθεν / ἐμεῖο / μεθέν émethen / emeîo / methén
Dative	ἔμοι / μοι† émoi / moi†
Accusative	ἔμε / με† éme / me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἰώ; ἐμοῦς (Boeotian)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἰώ / ἰών / ἰώνγα‡ / ἰώνει‡ / ἰώγᾱ‡ iṓ / iṓn / iṓnga‡ / iṓnei‡ / iṓgā‡
Genitive	ἐμοῦς / ἐμῶς / ἐμῐ́ο / ἐμίω / ἐμίως emoûs / emôs / emío / emíō / emíōs
Dative	ἐμοί / μοι† emoí / moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ / με† emé / me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγώ; ἐμοῦ (Thessalian)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ egṓ
Genitive	ἐμοῦ / μου† emoû / mou†
Dative	ἐμοί / μοι† emoí / moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ / με† emé / me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Derived terms

ἐμός (emós)
ἔγωγε (égōge)

Descendants

Greek: εγώ (egó)
Tsakonian: εζού (ezoú)
Italiot Greek:
Greek: εβώ

Latin: evò
Mariupol Greek: го (ho), эго́ (ehó)
Pontic Greek: εγώ (egó)
Yevanic: אֶגֿוֹ (ʾeḡo)
→ Old Sicilian: igù
- >? Sicilian: jù

References

“ἐγώ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἐγώ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἐγώ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐγώ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐγώ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
“ἐγώ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1473 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- i idem, page 413.
Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 325
William W. Goodwin, A Greek Grammar. Revised and enlarged, Boston, 1900, p.82f.

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