हिम

See also: ह्म, हम, and हामी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हिम (himá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”). Doublet of हिँव (hĩv), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɦɪm/, [ɦɪ̃m]

Noun

हिम • (him) m (Urdu spelling ہم)

  1. snow, ice, frost
    Synonym: बर्फ़ (barf)
    अगला हिम युग कब आएगा इसका सटीक आकलन फिलहाल नहीं किया जा सका है।
    aglā him yug kab āegā iskā saṭīk āklan philhāl nahī̃ kiyā jā sakā hai.
    Currently, we cannot accurately estimate when the next ice age will arrive.

Declension
Declension of हिम (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct हिम
him		 हिम
him
oblique हिम
him		 हिमों
himõ
vocative हिम
him		 हिमो
himo

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • हिमाचल (himācal, “land of snow-clad mountains”)
  • हिमाद्रि (himādri, “snow peak”)
  • हिमालय (himālay, “abode of snow”)
  • हिमानि (himāni, “fjord”)
  • हिमांक (himāṅk, “freezing point”)
  • हिमांशु (himāñśu, “moon”)
  • हिमकंदुक (himkanduk, “snowball”)
  • हिमनदी (himandī, “glacier, ice-river”)
  • हिमपात (himpāt, “snowfall”)
  • हिममानव (himmānav, “snowman”)
  • हिमशिखर (himśikhar, “ice-cap”)
  • हिमलंब (himlamb, “icicle”)
  • हिमशैल (himśail, “iceberg”)
  • हिमतेंदुआ (himtenduā, “snow leopard”)
  • हिमवंत (himvant, “snow-like, bright”)
  • हिमेश (himeś, “lord of snow”)

References
  • Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हिम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • hima (Latin script)
  • 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (Brahmi script)
  • হিম (Bengali script)
  • හිම (Sinhalese script)
  • ဟိမ or ႁိမ (Burmese script)
  • หิม or หิมะ (Thai script)
  • ᩉᩥᨾ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຫິມ or ຫິມະ (Lao script)
  • ហិម (Khmer script)
  • 𑄦𑄨𑄟 (Chakma script)

Noun

हिम n

  1. Devanagari script form of hima (“snow”)

Declension
Declension table of "हिम" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)हिमं (himaṃ)हिमानि (himāni)
Accusative (second)हिमं (himaṃ)हिमानि (himāni)
Instrumental (third)हिमेन (himena)हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi)
Dative (fourth)हिमस्स (himassa) or हिमाय (himāya) or हिमत्थं (himatthaṃ)हिमानं (himānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)हिमस्मा (himasmā) or हिमम्हा (himamhā) or हिमा (himā)हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi)
Genitive (sixth)हिमस्स (himassa)हिमानं (himānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)हिमस्मिं (himasmiṃ) or हिमम्हि (himamhi) or हिमे (hime)हिमेसु (himesu)
Vocative (calling)हिम (hima)हिमानि (himāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • হিম (Assamese script)
  • ᬳᬶᬫ (Balinese script)
  • হিম (Bengali script)
  • 𑰮𑰰𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (Brahmi script)
  • ဟိမ (Burmese script)
  • હિમ (Gujarati script)
  • ਹਿਮ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌹𑌿𑌮 (Grantha script)
  • ꦲꦶꦩ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂯𑂱𑂧 (Kaithi script)
  • ಹಿಮ (Kannada script)
  • ហិម (Khmer script)
  • ຫິມ (Lao script)
  • ഹിമ (Malayalam script)
  • ᡥᡳᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘮𑘱𑘦 (Modi script)
  • ᠾᠢᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧎𑧒𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐴𑐶𑐩 (Newa script)
  • ହିମ (Odia script)
  • ꢲꢶꢪ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆲𑆴𑆩 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖮𑖰𑖦 (Siddham script)
  • හිම (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑪂𑩑𑩴 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚩𑚮𑚢 (Takri script)
  • ஹிம (Tamil script)
  • హిమ (Telugu script)
  • หิม (Thai script)
  • ཧི་མ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒯𑒱𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨱𑨁𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰimás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), Ashkun žím, Kamkata-viri źím, Waigali zim, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (giman), Latin hiems, Lithuanian žiema, Old Church Slavonic зима (zima).

Pronunciation

Noun

हिम • (himá) stem, m

  1. cold, frost
  2. the cold season, winter

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of हिम (himá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative हिमः
himáḥ		 हिमौ / हिमा¹
himaú / himā́¹		 हिमाः / हिमासः¹
himā́ḥ / himā́saḥ¹
Vocative हिम
híma		 हिमौ / हिमा¹
hímau / hímā¹		 हिमाः / हिमासः¹
hímāḥ / hímāsaḥ¹
Accusative हिमम्
himám		 हिमौ / हिमा¹
himaú / himā́¹		 हिमान्
himā́n
Instrumental हिमेन
hiména		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹
himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹
Dative हिमाय
himā́ya		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Ablative हिमात्
himā́t		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Genitive हिमस्य
himásya		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमानाम्
himā́nām
Locative हिमे
himé		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमेषु
himéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

हिम • (himá) stem, n

  1. frost, hoarfrost, snow (rarely "ice")
  2. sandalwood (of cooling properties)

See also
Seasons in Sanskrit · ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) (layout · text) · category
कुसुमाकर (kusumākara, “spring”) ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”) शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) हिम (hima, “winter”)

Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of हिम (himá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative हिमम्
himám		 हिमे
himé		 हिमानि / हिमा¹
himā́ni / himā́¹
Vocative हिम
híma		 हिमे
híme		 हिमानि / हिमा¹
hímāni / hímā¹
Accusative हिमम्
himám		 हिमे
himé		 हिमानि / हिमा¹
himā́ni / himā́¹
Instrumental हिमेन
hiména		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹
himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹
Dative हिमाय
himā́ya		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Ablative हिमात्
himā́t		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Genitive हिमस्य
himásya		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमानाम्
himā́nām
Locative हिमे
himé		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमेषु
himéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

Borrowed terms

Descendants
  • Dardic:
    • Gawar-Bati: ہم (hīm)
    • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (hī̃)
    • Grangali: [script needed] (im)
    • Kalami: ہم (him)
    • Kashmiri: [script needed] (himun, “to snow”)
    • Khowar: ہیم (him)
    • Northeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
    • Northwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
    • Southeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
    • Southwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
    • Savi: [script needed] (hina)
    • Shina: ہم (him)
    • Shumashti: [script needed] (īm)
    • Torwali: ہم (him)
    • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (īm)
  • Helu Prakrit:
  • Khasa Prakrit:
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (hima)
    • Konkani: इंव (ĩv)
    • Marathi: हिंव (hiuva)
  • Pali: hima
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਹਿੰਮ (himma)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (hima)

Adjective

हिम • (himá) stem

  1. cold, cool

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of हिम (himá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative हिमः
himáḥ		 हिमौ / हिमा¹
himaú / himā́¹		 हिमाः / हिमासः¹
himā́ḥ / himā́saḥ¹
Vocative हिम
híma		 हिमौ / हिमा¹
hímau / hímā¹		 हिमाः / हिमासः¹
hímāḥ / hímāsaḥ¹
Accusative हिमम्
himám		 हिमौ / हिमा¹
himaú / himā́¹		 हिमान्
himā́n
Instrumental हिमेन
hiména		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹
himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹
Dative हिमाय
himā́ya		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Ablative हिमात्
himā́t		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Genitive हिमस्य
himásya		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमानाम्
himā́nām
Locative हिमे
himé		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमेषु
himéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of हिमा (himā́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative हिमा
himā́		 हिमे
himé		 हिमाः
himā́ḥ
Vocative हिमे
híme		 हिमे
híme		 हिमाः
hímāḥ
Accusative हिमाम्
himā́m		 हिमे
himé		 हिमाः
himā́ḥ
Instrumental हिमया / हिमा¹
himáyā / himā́¹		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमाभिः
himā́bhiḥ
Dative हिमायै
himā́yai		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमाभ्यः
himā́bhyaḥ
Ablative हिमायाः / हिमायै²
himā́yāḥ / himā́yai²		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमाभ्यः
himā́bhyaḥ
Genitive हिमायाः / हिमायै²
himā́yāḥ / himā́yai²		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमानाम्
himā́nām
Locative हिमायाम्
himā́yām		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमासु
himā́su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of हिम (himá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative हिमम्
himám		 हिमे
himé		 हिमानि / हिमा¹
himā́ni / himā́¹
Vocative हिम
híma		 हिमे
híme		 हिमानि / हिमा¹
hímāni / hímā¹
Accusative हिमम्
himám		 हिमे
himé		 हिमानि / हिमा¹
himā́ni / himā́¹
Instrumental हिमेन
hiména		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमैः / हिमेभिः¹
himaíḥ / himébhiḥ¹
Dative हिमाय
himā́ya		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Ablative हिमात्
himā́t		 हिमाभ्याम्
himā́bhyām		 हिमेभ्यः
himébhyaḥ
Genitive हिमस्य
himásya		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमानाम्
himā́nām
Locative हिमे
himé		 हिमयोः
himáyoḥ		 हिमेषु
himéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “हिम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1298/3.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 815-6
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “himá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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