स्फटिक
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /spʰə.ʈɪk/, [spʰɐ.ʈɪk]
Noun
स्फटिक • (sphaṭik) m
- quartz; rock-crystal
- crystal
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- স্ফটিক (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬨᬝᬶᬓ (Balinese script)
- স্ফটিক (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰣𑰘𑰰𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀨𑀝𑀺𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- သ္ဖဋိက (Burmese script)
- સ્ફટિક (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਫਟਿਕ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑌟𑌿𑌕 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦦꦛꦶꦏ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂤𑂗𑂱𑂍 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ (Kannada script)
- ស្ផដិក (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ຜຏິກ (Lao script)
- സ്ഫടിക (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᡦᠠᢞᡳᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘣𑘘𑘱𑘎 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠹᠠᢌᠢᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑧃𑦸𑧒𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐦𑐚𑐶𑐎 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ଫଟିକ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢧꢜꢶꢒ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆦𑆛𑆴𑆑 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖣𑖘𑖰𑖎 (Siddham script)
- ස්ඵටික (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩱𑩦𑩑𑩜 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚟𑚔𑚮𑚊 (Takri script)
- ஸ்ப²டிக (Tamil script)
- స్ఫటిక (Telugu script)
- สฺผฏิก (Thai script)
- སྥ་ཊི་ཀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒤𑒙𑒱𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨟𑨔𑨁𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Unknown. The word is traditionally associated with the root स्फट् (sphaṭ, “to burst forth”), possibly going back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to burst forth”)[1] with a -t- extension.
Noun
स्फटिक • (sphaṭika) stem, m or n
- crystal; quartz
- c. 500 BCE – 300 BCE, Śvetāśvataropaniṣad 2.11:
- नीहारधूमार्कानिलानलानां खद्योतविद्युत्स्फटिकशशीनाम् ।
एतानि रूपाणि पुरःसराणि ब्रह्मण्यभिव्यक्तिकराणि योगे ॥- nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṃ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām.
etāni rūpāṇi puraḥsarāṇi brahmaṇyabhivyaktikarāṇi yoge. - Mist-smoke-sunshine-wind-fires, firefly-lightning-crystal-moons,
These forms in yoga are the forerunners, bringers of manifestation unto brahman.
- nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṃ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām.
- नीहारधूमार्कानिलानलानां खद्योतविद्युत्स्फटिकशशीनाम् ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3.212.13:
- आस्यात्सुगन्धि तेजश्च अस्थिभ्यो देवदारु च ।
श्लेष्मणः स्फटिकं तस्य पित्तान्मरकतं तथा ॥- āsyātsugandhi tejaśca asthibhyo devadāru ca.
śleṣmaṇaḥ sphaṭikaṃ tasya pittānmarakataṃ tathā. - From (his) mouth (came) the fragrant heat, his bones the deodar tree,
His phlegm the quartz, and likewise his bile the emerald.
- āsyātsugandhi tejaśca asthibhyo devadāru ca.
- आस्यात्सुगन्धि तेजश्च अस्थिभ्यो देवदारु च ।
- c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.11.32:
- शुद्धस्फटिको मूलाटवर्णः शीतवृष्टिः सूर्यकान्तश्च । इति मणयः ॥
- śuddhasphaṭiko mūlāṭavarṇaḥ śītavṛṣṭiḥ sūryakāntaśca. iti maṇayaḥ.
- The pure crystal, the mūlāṭavarṇa, the śītavṛṣṭi ("cool-rainwater"), and the sun-stone; such are the gems.
- शुद्धस्फटिको मूलाटवर्णः शीतवृष्टिः सूर्यकान्तश्च । इति मणयः ॥
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of स्फटिक (sphaṭika) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | स्फटिकः sphaṭikaḥ |
स्फटिकौ / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikau / sphaṭikā¹ |
स्फटिकाः / स्फटिकासः¹ sphaṭikāḥ / sphaṭikāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | स्फटिक sphaṭika |
स्फटिकौ / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikau / sphaṭikā¹ |
स्फटिकाः / स्फटिकासः¹ sphaṭikāḥ / sphaṭikāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | स्फटिकम् sphaṭikam |
स्फटिकौ / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikau / sphaṭikā¹ |
स्फटिकान् sphaṭikān |
| Instrumental | स्फटिकेन sphaṭikena |
स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām |
स्फटिकैः / स्फटिकेभिः¹ sphaṭikaiḥ / sphaṭikebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | स्फटिकाय sphaṭikāya |
स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām |
स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | स्फटिकात् sphaṭikāt |
स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām |
स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | स्फटिकस्य sphaṭikasya |
स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ |
स्फटिकानाम् sphaṭikānām |
| Locative | स्फटिके sphaṭike |
स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ |
स्फटिकेषु sphaṭikeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of स्फटिक (sphaṭika) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | स्फटिकम् sphaṭikam |
स्फटिके sphaṭike |
स्फटिकानि / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikāni / sphaṭikā¹ |
| Vocative | स्फटिक sphaṭika |
स्फटिके sphaṭike |
स्फटिकानि / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikāni / sphaṭikā¹ |
| Accusative | स्फटिकम् sphaṭikam |
स्फटिके sphaṭike |
स्फटिकानि / स्फटिका¹ sphaṭikāni / sphaṭikā¹ |
| Instrumental | स्फटिकेन sphaṭikena |
स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām |
स्फटिकैः / स्फटिकेभिः¹ sphaṭikaiḥ / sphaṭikebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | स्फटिकाय sphaṭikāya |
स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām |
स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | स्फटिकात् sphaṭikāt |
स्फटिकाभ्याम् sphaṭikābhyām |
स्फटिकेभ्यः sphaṭikebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | स्फटिकस्य sphaṭikasya |
स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ |
स्फटिकानाम् sphaṭikānām |
| Locative | स्फटिके sphaṭike |
स्फटिकयोः sphaṭikayoḥ |
स्फटिकेषु sphaṭikeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Pali: phalika, phalikā, phaḷika
- Prakrit: 𑀨𑀮𑀺𑀳 (phaliha), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀕 (phāliga), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia), etc.
- → Middle Chinese: 頗胝迦 (MC pha trij kae), 塞頗胝迦 (MC sok pha trij kae)
References
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “sphaṭika”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 775
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “स्फटिक”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1729
- Monier Williams (1899) “Sphaṭika”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1269/3.
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) “फालिअ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 623.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sphaṭika”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 798
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