सावधान

See also: संविधान

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सावधान (sāvadhāna). Cognate with Bengali সাবধান (śabdhan), Assamese সাৱধান (xawodhan), Gujarati સાવધાન (sāvdhān), Marathi सावध (sāvadh)

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /sɑːʋ.d̪ʱɑːn/, [säːʋ.d̪ʱä̃ːn]

Adjective

सावधान • (sāvdhān) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ساودھان)

Interjection

सावधान • (sāvdhān) (Urdu spelling ساودھان)

caution!
Synonyms: ख़बरदार (xabardār), चौकस (caukas)
take care!

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सावधान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

সাৱধান (Assamese script)
ᬲᬵᬯᬥᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
সাবধান (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰯𑰪𑰠𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀸𑀯𑀥𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
သာဝဓာန (Burmese script)
સાવધાન (Gujarati script)
ਸਾਵਧਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑌾𑌵𑌧𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦴꦮꦣꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂰𑂫𑂡𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
ಸಾವಧಾನ (Kannada script)
សាវធាន (Khmer script)
ສາວຘານ (Lao script)
സാവധാന (Malayalam script)
ᠰᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠸᠠᢡᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘰𑘪𑘠𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
ᠰᠠᢗᠸᠠᢑᠾᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧑𑧊𑧀𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐵𑐰𑐢𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
ସାଵଧାନ (Odia script)
ꢱꢵꢮꢤꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆳𑆮𑆣𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖯𑖪𑖠𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
සාවධාන (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩛𑩾𑩮𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚭𑚦𑚜𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
ஸாவத⁴ாந (Tamil script)
సావధాన (Telugu script)
สาวธาน (Thai script)
སཱ་ཝ་དྷཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒰𑒫𑒡𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨊𑨭𑨜𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From स- (sa-, “with”) +‎ अवधान (avadhāna, “attention”). The latter word itself faced semantic expansion, originally meaning "placing down or away", and is composed of अव- (ava-, “away, down”) +‎ धा (dhā, “to put, place”, root) +‎ -अन (-ana).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɑː.ʋɐ.dʱɑː.nɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /s̪ɑː.ʋɐˈd̪ʱɑː.n̪ɐ/

Adjective

सावधान • (sāvadhāna)

careful
cautious
attentive
heedful, mindful
with an attentive mind
intent upon doing anything

Descendants

Bengali: সাবধান (śabodhan)
Gujarati: સાવધાન (sāvdhān)
Hindi: सावधान (sāvdhān)
Marathi: सावध (sāvadh)
Urdu: ساودھان (sāvdhān)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “सावधान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1211/1.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “सावधान”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan

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