पुस्तक
Hindi
    
    Etymology
    
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Doublet of पोथा (pothā) and पोस्त (post).
Pronunciation
    
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /pʊs.t̪ək/, [pʊs.t̪ɐk]
 - Rhymes: -ək
 
Noun
    
पुस्तक • (pustak) f (Urdu spelling پستک)
Declension
    
Synonyms
    
- किताब (kitāb)
 
Derived terms
    
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
 - पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak)
 
Konkani
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): [pustək]
 
Maithili
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): [pʊstək]
 
Synonyms
    
- किताप (kitāp)
 
Derived terms
    
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
 
Marathi
    

एक पुस्तक
Etymology
    
| नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): पुस्तक n (pustak) | 
| स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): पुस्तिका f (pustikā) | 
From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Cognate with Gujarati પુસ્તક (pustak), Hindi पुस्तक (pustak), Konkani पुस्तक (pustak), Nepali पुस्तक (pustak).
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /pus.t̪ək/
 
Noun
    
पुस्तक • (pustak) n
- book
- मला हे पुस्तक खूप आवडले.
- malā he pustak khūp āvaḍle.
 - I really liked this book.
 
 
 
Declension
    
| Declension of पुस्तक (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular  | 
पुस्तक pustak  | ||
| direct plural  | 
पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka  | ||
| singular एकवचन  | 
plural अनेकवचन  | ||
| nominative प्रथमा  | 
पुस्तक pustak  | 
पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka  | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप  | 
पुस्तका pustakā  | 
पुस्तकां- pustakān-  | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी  | 
पुस्तकाला pustakālā  | 
पुस्तकांना pustakānnā  | |
| ergative | पुस्तकाने, पुस्तकानं pustakāne, pustakāna  | 
पुस्तकांनी pustakānnī  | |
| instrumental | पुस्तकाशी pustakāśī  | 
पुस्तकांशी pustakānśī  | |
| locative सप्तमी  | 
पुस्तकात pustakāt  | 
पुस्तकांत pustakāt  | |
| vocative संबोधन  | 
पुस्तका pustakā  | 
पुस्तकांनो pustakānno  | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.  | |||
| Genitive declension of पुस्तक (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म  | 
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म  | 
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म  | 
oblique सामान्यरूप  | |||||
| singular एकवचन  | 
plural अनेकवचन  | 
singular एकवचन  | 
plural अनेकवचन  | 
singular* एकवचन  | 
plural अनेकवचन  | 
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता  | 
पुस्तकाचा pustakāċā  | 
पुस्तकाचे pustakāċe  | 
पुस्तकाची pustakācī  | 
पुस्तकाच्या pustakācā  | 
पुस्तकाचे, पुस्तकाचं pustakāċe, pustakāċa  | 
पुस्तकाची pustakācī  | 
पुस्तकाच्या pustakācā  | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता  | 
पुस्तकांचा pustakānċā  | 
पुस्तकांचे pustakānċe  | 
पुस्तकांची pustakāñcī  | 
पुस्तकांच्या pustakāncā  | 
पुस्तकांचे, पुस्तकांचं pustakānċe, pustakānċa  | 
पुस्तकांची pustakāñcī  | 
पुस्तकांच्या pustakāñcā  | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.  | ||||||||
Derived terms
    
- पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak, “textbook”)
 - पुस्तक-विक्री केंद्र (pustak-vikrī kendra, “book stall”)
 - पुस्तकालय (pustakālay, “book stall”)
 
See also
    
- ग्रंथालय (granthālay, “library”)
 
References
    
- Berntsen, Maxine, “पुस्तक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
 - Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पुस्तक”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
 - Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “पुस्तक”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
 
Nepali
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): [pust̪ʌk]
 - Phonetic Devanagari: पुस्तक्
 
Derived terms
    
- पुस्तकालय [pustakālaya]
 
Sanskrit
    
    Alternative scripts
    
Alternative scripts
- পুস্তক (Assamese script)
 - ᬧᬸᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
 - পুস্তক (Bengali script)
 - 𑰢𑰲𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
 - 𑀧𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
 - ပုသ္တက (Burmese script)
 - પુસ્તક (Gujarati script)
 - ਪੁਸ੍ਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
 - 𑌪𑍁𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
 - ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
 - 𑂣𑂳𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
 - ಪುಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
 - បុស្តក (Khmer script)
 - ປຸສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
 - പുസ്തക (Malayalam script)
 - ᢒᡠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
 - 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
 - ᢒᠤᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
 - 𑧂𑧔𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
 - 𑐥𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
 - ପୁସ୍ତକ (Odia script)
 - ꢦꢸꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
 - 𑆥𑆶𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
 - 𑖢𑖲𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
 - පුස්තක (Sinhalese script)
 - 𑩰𑩒𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
 - 𑚞𑚰𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
 - புஸ்தக (Tamil script)
 - పుస్తక (Telugu script)
 - ปุสฺตก (Thai script)
 - པུ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
 - 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
 - 𑨞𑨃𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)
 
Etymology
    
Borrowed from some Middle Iranian language. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (pwst'k, “book, document, sutra”), Manichaean Parthian pwstg (pōstag, “book, pergament”) and Persian پوست (pust, “skin, hide”) (from *pōst, from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (pavastā); cognate with पवस्त (pavásta), and see the latter for further etymology).
Declension
    
| Neuter a-stem declension of पुस्तक (pustaka) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पुस्तकम् pustakam  | 
पुस्तके pustake  | 
पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹  | 
| Vocative | पुस्तक pustaka  | 
पुस्तके pustake  | 
पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹  | 
| Accusative | पुस्तकम् pustakam  | 
पुस्तके pustake  | 
पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹  | 
| Instrumental | पुस्तकेन pustakena  | 
पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām  | 
पुस्तकैः / पुस्तकेभिः¹ pustakaiḥ / pustakebhiḥ¹  | 
| Dative | पुस्तकाय pustakāya  | 
पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām  | 
पुस्तकेभ्यः pustakebhyaḥ  | 
| Ablative | पुस्तकात् pustakāt  | 
पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām  | 
पुस्तकेभ्यः pustakebhyaḥ  | 
| Genitive | पुस्तकस्य pustakasya  | 
पुस्तकयोः pustakayoḥ  | 
पुस्तकानाम् pustakānām  | 
| Locative | पुस्तके pustake  | 
पुस्तकयोः pustakayoḥ  | 
पुस्तकेषु pustakeṣu  | 
| Notes | 
  | ||
Descendants
    
Descendants
- Assamese: পুথি (puthi)
 - Bengali: পুথি (puthi), পুঁথি (pũthi)
 - → Bengali: পুস্তক (pustok)
 - Bhojpuri: पोथी (pōthī)
 - Dhivehi: ފޮތް (fot̊)
 - → Gujarati: પુસ્તક (pustak)
 - → Hindi: पुस्तक (pustak)
 - Kashmiri: پوٗتھِ (pūthi), पूथि (pūthi)
 - Kumaoni: पोथी
 - → Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ (pustaka)
 - → Maithili: पुस्तक (pustak), पोथी (pothī)
 - → Malay: pustaka
- Indonesian: pustaka
 
 - → Malayalam: പുസ്തകം (pustakaṁ)
 - → Marathi: पुस्तक (pustak)
 - → Nepali: पुस्तक (pustak)
 - Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨆𐨠𐨁 (pothi, “document”)
 - Odia: [script needed] (pothā), [script needed] (pothi), [script needed] (puthi), ପୋଥା (potha)
 - Pali: potthaka
 - Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (puttha), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (putthaya), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀬𑀸 (putthiyā)
 - → Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ (pustak), پستک (pustak)
 - Rajasthani: पोथी (pothī)
 - Sindhi: [script needed] (pothu), [script needed] (pothī)
 - Sinhalese: පොත (pota)
 - Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠕꠤ (futí)
 - → Tamil: புத்தகம் (puttakam)
 - → Telugu: పుస్తకం (pustakaṁ)
 - → Tibetan: པོ་ཏི (po ti), པུ་ཏི (pu ti), པོད (pod), པུས་ཏི (pus ti), པུས་ཏི་ཀ (pus ti ka)
 - → Urdu: پستک (pustak)
 
References
    
- Monier Williams (1899) “पुस्तक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0640/3.
 - Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pōstaka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 478
 - Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 331—332
 - Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 319
 
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