धूम

See also: धीमे and धीमा

Hindi

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱuːm/, [d̪ʱũːm]
Rhymes: -uːm

Etymology 1

From an unattested Sanskrit *धुन्मन् (dhunman, “noise”), from Sanskrit धुनि (dhuni, “roaring, sounding”).[1]

Noun

धूम • (dhūm) m (Urdu spelling دھوم)

fun, blast
धूम मचाना ― dhūm macānā ― to have fun
noise, clamor

Declension

Declension of धूम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	धूम dhūm	धूम dhūm
oblique	धूम dhūm	धूमों dhūmõ
vocative	धूम dhūm	धूमो dhūmo

Derived terms

धूम-धाम (dhūm-dhām)
धूम-धड़क्का (dhūm-dhaṛakkā)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá). Doublet of धुआँ (dhuā̃).

Noun

धूम • (dhūm) m (Urdu spelling دھوم)

smoke

Declension

Declension of धूम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	धूम dhūm	धूम dhūm
oblique	धूम dhūm	धूमों dhūmõ
vocative	धूम dhūm	धूमो dhūmo

Synonyms

धुआँ (dhuā̃)

Derived terms

धूमकेतु (dhūmketu)
धूमपट (dhūmpaṭ)
धूमपोत (dhūmpot)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*dhunman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Pali

Alternative forms

dhūma (Latin script)
𑀥𑀽𑀫 (Brahmi script)
ধূম (Bengali script)
ධූම (Sinhalese script)
ဓူမ or ꩪူမ (Burmese script)
ธูม or ธูมะ (Thai script)
ᨵᩪᨾ (Tai Tham script)
ຘູມ or ຘູມະ (Lao script)
ធូម (Khmer script)
𑄙𑄫𑄟 (Chakma script)

Noun

धूम m

Devanagari script form of dhūma (“smoke”)

Declension

Declension table of "धूम" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	धूमो (dhūmo)	धूमा (dhūmā)
Accusative (second)	धूमं (dhūmaṃ)	धूमे (dhūme)
Instrumental (third)	धूमेन (dhūmena)	धूमेहि (dhūmehi) or धूमेभि (dhūmebhi)
Dative (fourth)	धूमस्स (dhūmassa) or धूमाय (dhūmāya) or धूमत्थं (dhūmatthaṃ)	धूमानं (dhūmānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	धूमस्मा (dhūmasmā) or धूमम्हा (dhūmamhā) or धूमा (dhūmā)	धूमेहि (dhūmehi) or धूमेभि (dhūmebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	धूमस्स (dhūmassa)	धूमानं (dhūmānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	धूमस्मिं (dhūmasmiṃ) or धूमम्हि (dhūmamhi) or धूमे (dhūme)	धूमेसु (dhūmesu)
Vocative (calling)	धूम (dhūma)	धूमा (dhūmā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ধূম (Assamese script)
ᬥᬹᬫ (Balinese script)
ধূম (Bengali script)
𑰠𑰳𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀥𑀽𑀫 (Brahmi script)
ဓူမ (Burmese script)
ધૂમ (Gujarati script)
ਧੂਮ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌧𑍂𑌮 (Grantha script)
ꦣꦹꦩ (Javanese script)
𑂡𑂴𑂧 (Kaithi script)
ಧೂಮ (Kannada script)
ធូម (Khmer script)
ຘູມ (Lao script)
ധൂമ (Malayalam script)
ᢡᡠᡠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘠𑘴𑘦 (Modi script)
ᢑᠾᠤᠤᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧀𑧕𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
𑐢𑐹𑐩 (Newa script)
ଧୂମ (Odia script)
ꢤꢹꢪ (Saurashtra script)
𑆣𑆷𑆩 (Sharada script)
𑖠𑖳𑖦 (Siddham script)
ධූම (Sinhalese script)
𑩮𑩒𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
𑚜𑚱𑚢 (Takri script)
தூ⁴ம (Tamil script)
ధూమ (Telugu script)
ธูม (Thai script)
དྷཱུ་མ (Tibetan script)
𑒡𑒴𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
𑨜𑨃𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós), Latin fūmus, Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱuː.mɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ʱuː.mɐ/

Noun

धूम • (dhūmá) stem, m

smoke, vapor, mist
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.164.43:
  शकमयं धूमम् आरादपश्यं विषूवता पर एनावरेण ।
  śakamayaṃ dhūmam ārādapaśyaṃ viṣūvatā para enāvareṇa.
  I saw from far away the smoke of fuel with spires that rose on high o’er that beneath it.
- 8th c., Bhavabhuti, Uttararāmacarita (Rama's Last Act), Prelude to act III:
  अनेन पञ्चवटी दर्शनेन / अन्तर्लीनस्य दुःखाग्नेर् / अद्योद्दामं ज्वलिष्यतः ।
  उत्पीड इव धूमस्य / मोहः प्रागावृनोति माम् ॥
  anena pañcavaṭī darśanena / antarlīnasya duḥkhāgner / adyoddāmaṃ jvaliṣyataḥ.
  utpīḍa iva dhūmasya / mohaḥ prāgāvṛnoti mām.
  The sight of Panchavati / rekindles now the fire of sorrow / that had long been dormant in my heart
  but first, like a dense pall of smoke, / a delirium envelops me.
smoke as a sternutatory (in 5 forms): a place prepared for the building of a house (Jyot.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of धूम (dhūmá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	धूमः dhūmáḥ	धूमौ / धूमा¹ dhūmaú / dhūmā́¹	धूमाः / धूमासः¹ dhūmā́ḥ / dhūmā́saḥ¹
Vocative	धूम dhū́ma	धूमौ / धूमा¹ dhū́mau / dhū́mā¹	धूमाः / धूमासः¹ dhū́māḥ / dhū́māsaḥ¹
Accusative	धूमम् dhūmám	धूमौ / धूमा¹ dhūmaú / dhūmā́¹	धूमान् dhūmā́n
Instrumental	धूमेन dhūména	धूमाभ्याम् dhūmā́bhyām	धूमैः / धूमेभिः¹ dhūmaíḥ / dhūmébhiḥ¹
Dative	धूमाय dhūmā́ya	धूमाभ्याम् dhūmā́bhyām	धूमेभ्यः dhūmébhyaḥ
Ablative	धूमात् dhūmā́t	धूमाभ्याम् dhūmā́bhyām	धूमेभ्यः dhūmébhyaḥ
Genitive	धूमस्य dhūmásya	धूमयोः dhūmáyoḥ	धूमानाम् dhūmā́nām
Locative	धूमे dhūmé	धूमयोः dhūmáyoḥ	धूमेषु dhūméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

→ Hindi: धूम (dhūm)
→ Bengali: ধূম (dhum)
→ Malayalam: ധൂമം (dhūmaṁ)
→ Telugu: ధూమము (dhūmamu)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (dum)
- Domaaki: [script needed] (dūm)
- Kalami: [script needed] (dum)
- Grangali: [script needed] (dum)
- Kalasha: [script needed] (thum)
- Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (dūm)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhūm)
- Shina: [script needed] (dum)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (dūm)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (dhung)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dum)
- Kashmiri: دٕہ (dụh)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: ދުން (dun̊)
- Sinhalese: දුම (duma)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūma)
- Assamese: ধোঁৱা (dhü̃a)
- Bengali: ধোঁয়া (dhō̃ẇa)
- Bihari:
  - Bhojpuri: धूआँ (dhūā̃)
  - Maithili: धूआँ (dhūā̃)
- Odia: ଧୂଆଁ (dhuã)
- Sylheti: ꠗꠥꠝꠣ (dúma)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: دھواں (dhū̃ā̃) / ਧੂੰਆਂ (dhū̃ā̃)
Pali: dhūma
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūma)
- Garhwali: धुवाँ (dhuvā̃)
- Gujarati: ધૂમ (dhūm)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: धूआँ (dhūā̃)
  - Urdu: دھواں (dhūā̃)
- Kumaoni: धूवाँ (dhūvā̃)
- Nepali: धूवाँ (dhūwā̃)
- Romani: thuv

References

Monier Williams (1899) “धूम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0518.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhūmá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*dhunman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press