दशम
See also: दशमी
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪ə.ʃəm/, [d̪ɐ.ʃɐ̃m]
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দশম (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬰᬫ (Balinese script)
- দশম (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰫𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀰𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ဒၐမ (Burmese script)
- દશમ (Gujarati script)
- ਦਸ਼ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑌶𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦯꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂬𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ದಶಮ (Kannada script)
- ទឝម (Khmer script)
- ທຨມ (Lao script)
- ദശമ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᠠᡧᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘫𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠠᠱᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧋𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐱𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଦଶମ (Odia script)
- ꢣꢯꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆯𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖫𑖦 (Siddham script)
- දශම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩿𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚧𑚢 (Takri script)
- த³ஶம (Tamil script)
- దశమ (Telugu script)
- ทศม (Thai script)
- ད་ཤ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒬𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨮𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
| ← 1 | ← 9 | १० 10 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||||
| Cardinal: दश (daśa), दशन् (daśan) Ordinal: दशम (daśama) | ||||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daćamás, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱm̥-Hó-s from *déḱm̥ (“ten”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬆𐬨𐬀 (dasəma), Persian دهم (dahom), Latin decimus.
Adjective
दशम • (daśamá) stem
- tenth
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.184.3:
- हिरण्ययी अरणी यं निर्मन्थतो अश्विना ।
तं ते गर्भं हवामहे दशमे मासि सूतवे ॥- hiraṇyayī araṇī yaṃ nirmanthato aśvinā.
taṃ te garbhaṃ havāmahe daśame māsi sūtave. - That which the Twin Aśvins rub forth with the attrition-sticks of gold,—
That embryo of thine we invocate, that in the tenth month thou mayst bear.
- hiraṇyayī araṇī yaṃ nirmanthato aśvinā.
- हिरण्ययी अरणी यं निर्मन्थतो अश्विना ।
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of दशम (daśamá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | दशमः daśamáḥ |
दशमौ / दशमा¹ daśamaú / daśamā́¹ |
दशमाः / दशमासः¹ daśamā́ḥ / daśamā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | दशम dáśama |
दशमौ / दशमा¹ dáśamau / dáśamā¹ |
दशमाः / दशमासः¹ dáśamāḥ / dáśamāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | दशमम् daśamám |
दशमौ / दशमा¹ daśamaú / daśamā́¹ |
दशमान् daśamā́n |
| Instrumental | दशमेन daśaména |
दशमाभ्याम् daśamā́bhyām |
दशमैः / दशमेभिः¹ daśamaíḥ / daśamébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | दशमाय daśamā́ya |
दशमाभ्याम् daśamā́bhyām |
दशमेभ्यः daśamébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | दशमात् daśamā́t |
दशमाभ्याम् daśamā́bhyām |
दशमेभ्यः daśamébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | दशमस्य daśamásya |
दशमयोः daśamáyoḥ |
दशमानाम् daśamā́nām |
| Locative | दशमे daśamé |
दशमयोः daśamáyoḥ |
दशमेषु daśaméṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ī-stem declension of दशमी (daśamī) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | दशमी daśamī |
दशम्यौ / दशमी¹ daśamyau / daśamī¹ |
दशम्यः / दशमीः¹ daśamyaḥ / daśamīḥ¹ |
| Vocative | दशमि daśami |
दशम्यौ / दशमी¹ daśamyau / daśamī¹ |
दशम्यः / दशमीः¹ daśamyaḥ / daśamīḥ¹ |
| Accusative | दशमीम् daśamīm |
दशम्यौ / दशमी¹ daśamyau / daśamī¹ |
दशमीः daśamīḥ |
| Instrumental | दशम्या daśamyā |
दशमीभ्याम् daśamībhyām |
दशमीभिः daśamībhiḥ |
| Dative | दशम्यै daśamyai |
दशमीभ्याम् daśamībhyām |
दशमीभ्यः daśamībhyaḥ |
| Ablative | दशम्याः / दशम्यै² daśamyāḥ / daśamyai² |
दशमीभ्याम् daśamībhyām |
दशमीभ्यः daśamībhyaḥ |
| Genitive | दशम्याः / दशम्यै² daśamyāḥ / daśamyai² |
दशम्योः daśamyoḥ |
दशमीनाम् daśamīnām |
| Locative | दशम्याम् daśamyām |
दशम्योः daśamyoḥ |
दशमीषु daśamīṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of दशम (daśamá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | दशमम् daśamám |
दशमे daśamé |
दशमानि / दशमा¹ daśamā́ni / daśamā́¹ |
| Vocative | दशम dáśama |
दशमे dáśame |
दशमानि / दशमा¹ dáśamāni / dáśamā¹ |
| Accusative | दशमम् daśamám |
दशमे daśamé |
दशमानि / दशमा¹ daśamā́ni / daśamā́¹ |
| Instrumental | दशमेन daśaména |
दशमाभ्याम् daśamā́bhyām |
दशमैः / दशमेभिः¹ daśamaíḥ / daśamébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | दशमाय daśamā́ya |
दशमाभ्याम् daśamā́bhyām |
दशमेभ्यः daśamébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | दशमात् daśamā́t |
दशमाभ्याम् daśamā́bhyām |
दशमेभ्यः daśamébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | दशमस्य daśamásya |
दशमयोः daśamáyoḥ |
दशमानाम् daśamā́nām |
| Locative | दशमे daśamé |
दशमयोः daśamáyoḥ |
दशमेषु daśaméṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: दह्युमु॒ (dahyumu॒, “tenth”)
- Torwali: دشَم (dašam)
- Pali: dasama
- → Burmese: ဒသမ (da.sa.ma.)
- Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: दशौं (daśa͠u)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)
- Konkani: धावो (dhāvo), धावें (dhāvẽ)
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: दसव (dasava), दाहाव (dāhāva)
- Modi script: 𑘟𑘭𑘪 (dasava), 𑘟𑘰𑘮𑘰𑘪 (dāhāva)
- Marathi: दहावे (dahāve)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
Further reading
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “दशम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899) “दशम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 472.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “daśamá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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