खनति

Pali

Alternative forms

khaṇati (Latin script)
𑀔𑀡𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
खणति (Devanagari script)
খণতি (Bengali script)
ඛණති (Sinhalese script)
ခဏတိ or ၶꧣတိ (Burmese script)
ขณติ or ขะณะติ (Thai script)
ᨡᨱᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
ຂຓຕິ or ຂະຓະຕິ (Lao script)
ខណតិ (Khmer script)
𑄈𑄕𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Alternative forms

khanati (Latin script)
𑀔𑀦𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
খনতি (Bengali script)
ඛනති (Sinhalese script)
ခနတိ or ၶၼတိ (Burmese script)
ขนติ or ขะนะติ (Thai script)
ᨡᨶᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
ຂນຕິ or ຂະນະຕິ (Lao script)
ខនតិ (Khmer script)
𑄈𑄚𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Verb

खनति (root khaṇ, first conjugation)

Alternative form of खणति (khaṇati), which see for forms, and Devanagari script form of khanati.

Adjective

खनति

Devanagari script form of khanati, masculine/neuter locative singular of khanant, which is present active participle of khanati (“to dig”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

খনতি (Assamese script)
ᬔᬦᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
খনতি (Bengali script)
𑰏𑰡𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀔𑀦𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ခနတိ (Burmese script)
ખનતિ (Gujarati script)
ਖਨਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌖𑌨𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦑꦤꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂎𑂢𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಖನತಿ (Kannada script)
ខនតិ (Khmer script)
ຂນຕິ (Lao script)
ഖനതി (Malayalam script)
ᡘᠠᠨᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘏𑘡𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠻᠠᠨᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦯𑧁𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐏𑐣𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଖନତି (Odia script)
ꢓꢥꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆒𑆤𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖏𑖡𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ඛනති (Sinhalese script)
𑩝𑩯𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚋𑚝𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
க²நதி (Tamil script)
ఖనతి (Telugu script)
ขนติ (Thai script)
ཁ་ན་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒐𑒢𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨌𑨝𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kánati, from *kan- (“to dig”), with unetymological aspiration of the first consonant. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬥- (kan-, “to dig”), 𐬎𐬯-𐬐𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (us-kəṇti), Old Persian 𐎣𐎴- (kan-, “to dig”) whence Persian (kandan, “to dig”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʰɐ́.nɐ.ti/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰɐ.n̪ɐ.t̪i/

Verb

खनति • (khanati) third-singular present indicative (root खन्, class 1, type P)

to dig
- c. 300 BCE, Pañcatantra Dharmabuddhi ca duṣṭabuddhi:
  खन्यमाने च भूभागे यादासावार्थो न दृश्यते तदा दुष्टबुद्धिः स्वशिरस्ताडयन् ससम्भ्रममब्रवीत्...
  khanyamāne ca bhūbhāge yādāsāvārtho na dṛśyate tadā duṣṭabuddhiḥ svaśirastāḍayan sasambhramamabravīt...
  having dug the plot of land and not having seen such money, Duṣṭabuddhi, knocking his own head, said with embarrassment...

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: खनितुम् (khánitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	खनितुम् khánitum
Gerund	खात्वा khātvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	खन्य / खनितव्य / खननीय khánya / khanitavya / khananīya
Feminine Gerundive	खन्या / खनितव्या / खननीया khányā / khanitavyā / khananīyā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	खात khātá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	खाता khātā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	खातवत् khātávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	खातवती khātávatī

Present: खनति (khánati), खनते (khánate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	खनति khánati	खनतः khánataḥ	खनन्ति khánanti	खनते khánate	खनेते khánete	खनन्ते khánante
Second	खनसि khánasi	खनथः khánathaḥ	खनथ khánatha	खनसे khánase	खनेथे khánethe	खनध्वे khánadhve
First	खनामि khánāmi	खनावः khánāvaḥ	खनामः khánāmaḥ	खने kháne	खनावहे khánāvahe	खनामहे khánāmahe
Imperative
Third	खनतु khánatu	खनताम् khánatām	खनन्तु khánantu	खनताम् khánatām	खनेताम् khánetām	खनन्ताम् khánantām
Second	खन khána	खनतम् khánatam	खनत khánata	खनस्व khánasva	खनेथाम् khánethām	खनध्वम् khánadhvam
First	खनानि khánāni	खनाव khánāva	खनाम khánāma	खनै khánai	खनावहै khánāvahai	खनामहै khánāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	खनेत् khánet	खनेताम् khánetām	खनेयुः kháneyuḥ	खनेत kháneta	खनेयाताम् kháneyātām	खनेरन् kháneran
Second	खनेः kháneḥ	खनेतम् khánetam	खनेत kháneta	खनेथाः khánethāḥ	खनेयाथाम् kháneyāthām	खनेध्वम् khánedhvam
First	खनेयम् kháneyam	खनेव kháneva	खनेम khánema	खनेय kháneya	खनेवहि khánevahi	खनेमहि khánemahi
Participles
	खनत् khánat			खनमान khánamāna

Imperfect: अखनत् (ákhanat), अखनत (ákhanata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अखनत् ákhanat	अखनताम् ákhanatām	अखनन् ákhanan	अखनत ákhanata	अखनेताम् ákhanetām	अखनन्त ákhananta
Second	अखनः ákhanaḥ	अखनतम् ákhanatam	अखनत ákhanata	अखनथाः ákhanathāḥ	अखनेथाम् ákhanethām	अखनध्वम् ákhanadhvam
First	अखनम् ákhanam	अखनाव ákhanāva	अखनाम ákhanāma	अखने ákhane	अखनावहि ákhanāvahi	अखनामहि ákhanāmahi

Future: खनिष्यति (khaniṣyáti), खनिष्यते (khaniṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	खनिष्यति khaniṣyáti	खनिष्यतः khaniṣyátaḥ	खनिष्यन्ति khaniṣyánti	खनिष्यते khaniṣyáte	खनिष्येते khaniṣyéte	खनिष्यन्ते khaniṣyánte
Second	खनिष्यसि khaniṣyási	खनिष्यथः khaniṣyáthaḥ	खनिष्यथ khaniṣyátha	खनिष्यसे khaniṣyáse	खनिष्येथे khaniṣyéthe	खनिष्यध्वे khaniṣyádhve
First	खनिष्यामि khaniṣyā́mi	खनिष्यावः khaniṣyā́vaḥ	खनिष्यामः khaniṣyā́maḥ	खनिष्ये khaniṣyé	खनिष्यावहे khaniṣyā́vahe	खनिष्यामहे khaniṣyā́mahe
Participles
	खनिष्यत् khaniṣyát			खनिष्यमाण khaniṣyámāṇa

Conditional: अखनिष्यत् (ákhaniṣyat), अखनिष्यत (ákhaniṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अखनिष्यत् ákhaniṣyat	अखनिष्यताम् ákhaniṣyatām	अखनिष्यन् ákhaniṣyan	अखनिष्यत ákhaniṣyata	अखनिष्येताम् ákhaniṣyetām	अखनिष्यन्त ákhaniṣyanta
Second	अखनिष्यः ákhaniṣyaḥ	अखनिष्यतम् ákhaniṣyatam	अखनिष्यत ákhaniṣyata	अखनिष्यथाः ákhaniṣyathāḥ	अखनिष्येथाम् ákhaniṣyethām	अखनिष्यध्वम् ákhaniṣyadhvam
First	अखनिष्यम् ákhaniṣyam	अखनिष्याव ákhaniṣyāva	अखनिष्याम ákhaniṣyāma	अखनिष्ये ákhaniṣye	अखनिष्यावहि ákhaniṣyāvahi	अखनिष्यामहि ákhaniṣyāmahi

Aorist: अखनीत् (ákhanīt), अखनिष्ट (ákhaniṣṭa)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अखनीत् ákhanīt	अखनिष्टाम् ákhaniṣṭām	अखनिषुः ákhaniṣuḥ	अखनिष्ट ákhaniṣṭa	अखनिषाताम् ákhaniṣātām	अखनिषत ákhaniṣata
Second	अखनीः ákhanīḥ	अखनिष्टम् ákhaniṣṭam	अखनिष्ट ákhaniṣṭa	अखनिष्ठाः ákhaniṣṭhāḥ	अखनिषाथाम् ákhaniṣāthām	अखनिढ्वम् ákhaniḍhvam
First	अखनिषम् ákhaniṣam	अखनिष्व ákhaniṣva	अखनिष्म ákhaniṣma	अखनिषि ákhaniṣi	अखनिष्वहि ákhaniṣvahi	अखनिष्महि ákhaniṣmahi

Benedictive/Precative: खायात् (khāyā́t), खनिषीष्ट (khaniṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	खायात् khāyā́t	खायास्ताम् khāyā́stām	खायासुः khāyā́suḥ	खनिषीष्ट khaniṣīṣṭá	खनिषीयास्ताम्¹ khaniṣīyā́stām¹	खनिषीरन् khaniṣīrán
Second	खायाः khāyā́ḥ	खायास्तम् khāyā́stam	खायास्त khāyā́sta	खनिषीष्ठाः khaniṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	खनिषीयास्थाम्¹ khaniṣīyā́sthām¹	खनिषीढ्वम् khaniṣīḍhvám
First	खायासम् khāyā́sam	खायास्व khāyā́sva	खायास्म khāyā́sma	खनिषीय khaniṣīyá	खनिषीवहि khaniṣīváhi	खनिषीमहि khaniṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Uncertain

Perfect: चखान (cakhā́na), चख्ने (cakhné)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चखान cakhā́na	चख्नतुः cakhnátuḥ	चख्नुः cakhnúḥ	चख्ने cakhné	चख्नाते cakhnā́te	चख्निरे cakhniré
Second	चखन्थ / चखनिथ cakhántha / cakhánitha	चख्नथुः cakhnáthuḥ	चख्न cakhná	चख्निषे cakhniṣé	चख्नाथे cakhnā́the	चख्निध्वे cakhnidhvé
First	चखन / चखान¹ cakhána / cakhā́na¹	चख्निव cakhnivá	चख्निम cakhnimá	चख्ने cakhné	चख्निवहे cakhniváhe	चख्निमहे cakhnimáhe
Participles
	चख्निवांस् cakhnivā́ṃs			चख्नान cakhnāná
Notes	¹Later Sanskrit

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: کھَنُن (khanun)
- Pashayi:
  - Northwest Pashayi: khan-
  - Southeast Pashayi: xan-
Pali: khanati, khāneti
- ⇒ Pali: khanāpeti
Prakrit: 𑀔𑀡𑀇 (khaṇaï)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀔𑀡𑀤𑀺 (khaṇadi)
    - Hindustani: khannā
      Hindi: खनना
      Urdu: کَھنْنا (khannā)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: খন্দা (khonda)
    - Bengali: খনা (khona)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Garhwali: खण्नु (khaṇnu)
      - Kumaoni: खण्णो (khaṇṇo)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: खन्नु (khannu)
        ⇒ Nepali: खानाउनु (khānāunu)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: khaṇaṇu
        Arabic script: کَڻَڻُ
        
        Devanagari script: खणणु
- Southern:
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀡𑀇 (khaṇaï)
    - Konkani: khaṇce, khaṇūka
      Devanagari script: खण्चे, खणूक
      Kannada script: ಖಣ್ಛೆ, ಖಂನೂಕ
      Latin script: khannche, khannuk
    - Old Marathi: 𑘏𑘜𑘜𑘹 (khaṇaṇe)
      - Marathi: खणणे (khaṇṇe)
    - Dhivehi: ކޮންނަނީ (kon̊nanī)
    - Sinhalese: කනිනවා (kaninawā)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀔𑀡𑀤𑀺 (khaṇadi)
    - Hindustani: khannā
      Hindi: खनना
      Urdu: کَھنْنا (khannā)
    - Gujarati: ખાણવું (khāṇvũ)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “खनति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 336.

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