उल्का

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā́, “meteor”), which is probably related to Sanskrit वर्चस्- (várcas-, “luster”), from a root Proto-Indo-Iranian *warč-. Cognates include Hindi ऊक (ūk, “torch”), Bengali ঊক্ (uk, “torch”), Odia ଉକା (uka, “torch, flash of fire, meteor”), Punjabi ਉਲਕਾ (ulakā), Assamese উকা (uka, “ignis fatuus”), Persian ورج (varj, “dignity”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ʊl.kɑː/, [ʊl.käː]

Noun

उल्का • (ulkā) f

  1. (astronomy) meteor
    उल्का वर्षा ― ulkā varṣā ― meteor shower
    • (Can we date this quote?), Pradeep Kumar Mishra, अंतरिक्ष नगर [antrikṣ nagar, Space City]:
      परंतु पंकज इधर-उधर ऊपर-नीचे होकर बचता रहा। अचानक दोनों के बीच में एक बड़ा सा उल्का पिंड आ गया।
      parantu paṅkaj idhar-udhar ūpar-nīce hokar bactā rahā. acānak donõ ke bīc mẽ ek baṛā sā ulkā piṇḍ ā gayā.
      But Pankaj saved himself going here-and-there, under-and-over. Suddenly, a meteor came between the two.

Declension
Declension of उल्का (fem ā-stem)
singular plural
direct उल्का
ulkā		 उल्काएँ
ulkāẽ
oblique उल्का
ulkā		 उल्काओं
ulkāõ
vocative उल्का
ulkā		 उल्काओ
ulkāo

References
  1. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 231
  2. Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ulkā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 111

Further reading
  • Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
  • Monier-Williams (1872): A Sanskṛit-English Dictionary Etymologically and Philologically Arranged: With Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and Other Cognate Indo-European Languages
  • Blažek, Václav (2010): The Indo-european "Smith"

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • উল্কা (Assamese script)
  • ᬉᬮ᭄ᬓᬵ (Balinese script)
  • উল্কা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰄𑰩𑰿𑰎𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀓𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • ဥလ္ကာ (Burmese script)
  • ઉલ્કા (Gujarati script)
  • ਉਲ੍ਕਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌉𑌲𑍍𑌕𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • ꦈꦭ꧀ꦏꦴ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂇𑂪𑂹𑂍𑂰 (Kaithi script)
  • ಉಲ್ಕಾ (Kannada script)
  • ឧល្កា (Khmer script)
  • ອຸລ຺ກາ (Lao script)
  • ഉല്കാ (Malayalam script)
  • ᡠᠯᡬᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘄𑘩𑘿𑘎𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᠤᠯᢉᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦤𑧉𑧠𑦮𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐄𑐮𑑂𑐎𑐵 (Newa script)
  • ଉଲ୍କା (Odia script)
  • ꢆꢭ꣄ꢒꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆇𑆬𑇀𑆑𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖄𑖩𑖿𑖎𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • උල‍්කා (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩐𑩒𑩽 𑪙𑩜𑩛 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚄𑚥𑚶𑚊𑚭 (Takri script)
  • உல்கா (Tamil script)
  • ఉల్కా (Telugu script)
  • อุลฺกา (Thai script)
  • ཨུ་ལྐཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒅𑒪𑓂𑒏𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨀𑨃𑨬𑩇𑨋𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain. Probably related to वर्चस् (várcas-, “lustre”). Maybe related to Latin Vulcānus.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

उल्का • (ulkā́) stem, f

  1. meteor
  2. fiery appearance
  3. torch

Declension
Feminine ā-stem declension of उल्का (ulkā́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative उल्का
ulkā́		 उल्के
ulké		 उल्काः
ulkā́ḥ
Vocative उल्के
úlke		 उल्के
úlke		 उल्काः
úlkāḥ
Accusative उल्काम्
ulkā́m		 उल्के
ulké		 उल्काः
ulkā́ḥ
Instrumental उल्कया / उल्का¹
ulkáyā / ulkā́¹		 उल्काभ्याम्
ulkā́bhyām		 उल्काभिः
ulkā́bhiḥ
Dative उल्कायै
ulkā́yai		 उल्काभ्याम्
ulkā́bhyām		 उल्काभ्यः
ulkā́bhyaḥ
Ablative उल्कायाः / उल्कायै²
ulkā́yāḥ / ulkā́yai²		 उल्काभ्याम्
ulkā́bhyām		 उल्काभ्यः
ulkā́bhyaḥ
Genitive उल्कायाः / उल्कायै²
ulkā́yāḥ / ulkā́yai²		 उल्कयोः
ulkáyoḥ		 उल्कानाम्
ulkā́nām
Locative उल्कायाम्
ulkā́yām		 उल्कयोः
ulkáyoḥ		 उल्कासु
ulkā́su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants
  • → Hindi: उल्का (ulkā)
  • → Kannada: ಉಲ್ಕೆ (ulke)
  • → Telugu: ఉల్క (ulka)
  • → Malayalam: ഉല്ക (ulka), ഉല്ക്ക (ulkka), ഉൽക (ulka), ഉൽക്ക (ulkka), ഉത്ക (utka)

References
  1. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 231-32

Further reading
  • Monier Williams (1899) “उल्का”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 218, column 3.
  • Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “उल्का”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “उल्का”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “उल्क”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
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