فرمان
Old Hindi
    
    Etymology
    
Borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْمَان (farmān). Compare Old Punjabi ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ (phuramāṇu).
Noun
    
فَرْمان (farmān) m (Middle Hindi)
Descendants
    
Further reading
    
- “فرمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
 
Ottoman Turkish
    
    Etymology
    
Borrowed from Persian فرمان (farmân, “decree, order”), from Middle Persian 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /framān/, “order, command”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam.
Noun
    
فرمان • (ferman)
Derived terms
    
Descendants
    
Further reading
    
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ferman”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1565
 - Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “fermân”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 311
 - Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فرمان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 896
 - Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Mandatum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 999
 - Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فرمان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3507
 - Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ferman”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
 - Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فرمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1379
 
Persian
    
    Alternative forms
    
- فرمون (farmun)
 
Etymology
    
From Middle Persian [script needed] (plmʾn'), 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /framān/, “order, command”), from Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (framānā, “command”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam. Cognate with Gurani ھەرمانە (harmāna, “work”) and Iranian loanwords Old Armenian հրաման (hraman), Aramaic הַרְמָן (hrmnʾ, “order”).
Pronunciation
    
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [faɾ.ˈmɑːn]
 
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [fäɾ.mɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [fäɾ.mɑ́ːn]
 - (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [fäɾ.mɔ́ːn]
 
 
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [fæɹ.mɒ́ːn]
 
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fäɾ.mɔ́n]
 
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | farmān | 
| Dari reading? | farmān | 
| Iranian reading? | farmân | 
| Tajik reading? | farmon | 
Noun
    
فرمان • (farmân) (plural فرامین (farâmin) or فرمانها (farmân-hâ))
| Dari | فرمان | 
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | фармон | 
Derived terms
    
Related terms
    
- فرمودن (farmudan)
 
Descendants
    
- → Arabic: فَرْمَان (farmān)
 - → Assamese: ফৰমান (phorman), ফৰ্মান (phorman)
 - → Azerbaijani: fərman
 - → Bashkir: фарман (farman)
 - → Bengali: ফরমান (fôrman)
 - → Dhivehi: ފަރުމާނު (farumānu)
 - → Gujarati: ફરમાન (pharmān)
 - → Old Hindi: فَرْمان (farmān)
 - → Indonesian: firman
 - → Kannada: ಫರ್ಮಾನು (pharmānu)
 - → Kumyk: пурман (purman)
 - → Lezgi: фарман (farman)
 - → Maithili: pharᵊmān
- Devanagari script: फरमान
 - Tirhuta script: 𑒤𑒩𑒧𑒰𑒢
 
 - → Marwari:
- Devanagari script: फरमांन (pharmā̃n), फरमांण (pharmā̃ṇ)
 - Mahajani script: 𑅩𑅭𑅬𑅧𑅧 (phrmnn), 𑅩𑅭𑅬𑅧𑅢 (phrmnṇ)
 
 - → Malayalam: പരമാന് (paramāṉ)
 - → Marathi: फर्मान (pharmān)
 - → Ottoman Turkish: فرمان (ferman)
 - → Old Punjabi: ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ (phuramāṇu), ਫੁਰਮਾਨੁ (phuramānu)
 - → Russian: фирман (firman)
 - → Sindhi: farmānu
- Arabic script: فَرْمانُ
 - Devanagari script: फ़र्मानु
 - Khudawadi script: 𑋓𑋩𑋙𑋪𑋗𑋠𑋑𑋣
 
 - → Tamil: பரமானா (paramāṉā)
 - → Telugu: ఫర్మానా (pharmānā)
 
References
    
- Walter W[illiam] Skeat (1910) “فرمان”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Press, published 1963, →OCLC.
 - Klein, Dr. Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1971.
 - Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit
 
Punjabi
    
    Etymology
    
Borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْمَان (farmān). First attested in c. 1600 as Old Punjabi ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ (phuramāṇu).
Noun
    
فَرْمان • (farmān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਫ਼ਰਮਾਨ)
Declension
    
| Declension of فرمان | ||
|---|---|---|
| dir. sg. | فَرْمان (farmān) | |
| dir. pl. | فَرْمان (farmān) | |
| singular | plural | |
| direct | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمان (farmān) | 
| oblique | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْماناں (farmānāṉ) | 
| vocative | فَرْمانا (farmānā) | فَرْمانو (farmāno) | 
| ablative | فَرْمانوں (farmānoṉ) | — | 
| locative | فَرْمانے (farmāne) | فَرْمانِیں (farmānīṉ) | 
| instrumental | فَرْمانے (farmāne) | فَرْمانِیں (farmānīṉ) | 
Urdu
    
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Etymology
    
Borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْمَان (farmān). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi فَرْمان (farmān).
Pronunciation
    
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /fəɾ.mɑːn/
 - Rhymes: -ɑːn
 - Hyphenation: فَر‧مان
 
Noun
    
فَرْمان • (farmān) m (Hindi spelling फ़रमान)
Declension
    
| Declension of فرمان | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمان (farmān) | 
| oblique | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمانوں (farmānō̃) | 
| vocative | فَرْمان (farmān) | فَرْمانو (farmānō) | 
Related terms
    
Further reading
    
- “فرمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
 - “فرمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
 - Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “فرمان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 453
 - S. W. Fallon (1879) “فرمان”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 870
 - Platts, John T. (1884) “فرمان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 779
 - John Shakespear (1834) “فرمان”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1258