ع ل ل

Arabic

Etymology

It may be that عَلَّ (ʕalla, “perhaps”) is the original, in a meaning “hopefully not, lest”, so the ailment meanings are things expressed to “hopefully not” appear. That word, in turn, is[1] likely just أَن (ʔan) joined to later shortened لَا (lā). In North Levantine Arabic this لَعَلَّ (laʕalla) is even found[2] in the form لَيِلَّ (layilla) as the conjunction following “to fear, to be afraid”, as English lest and Latin nē.

Root

ع ل ل • (ʕ-l-l)

  1. related to weakness, malleability
  2. related to ailment, defect, emptiness, not at full capacity or at the best condition
  3. related to proferred reasons

Derived terms
  • Form I: عَلَّ (ʕalla)
  • Form II: عَلَّلَ (ʕallala)
    • Verbal noun: تَعْلِيل (taʕlīl)
    • Active participle: مُعَلِّل (muʕallil)
    • Passive participle: مُعَلَّل (muʕallal)
  • Form III: عَالَّ (ʕālla), عَالَلَ (ʕālala)
    • Verbal noun: مُعَالَلَة (muʕālala), عِلَال (ʕilāl)
    • Active participle: مُعَالّ (muʕāll), مُعَالِل (muʕālil)
    • Passive participle: مُعَالّ (muʕāll), مُعَالَل (muʕālal)
  • Form IV: أَعَلَّ (ʔaʕalla)
    • Verbal noun: إِعْلَال (ʔiʕlāl)
    • Active participle: مُعِلّ (muʕill)
    • Passive participle: مُعَلّ (muʕall)
  • Form V: تَعَلَّلَ (taʕallala)
    • Verbal noun: تَعَلُّل (taʕallul)
    • Active participle: مُتَعَلِّل (mutaʕallil)
  • Form VI: تَعَالَّ (taʕālla), تَعَالَلَ (taʕālala)
    • Verbal noun: تَعَالُل (taʕālul)
    • Active participle: مُتَعَالّ (mutaʕāll), مُتَعَالِل (mutaʕālil)
    • Passive participle: مُتَعَالّ (mutaʕāll), مُتَعَالَل (mutaʕālal)
  • Form VIII: اِعْتَلَّ (iʕtalla)
  • عَلَّة (ʕalla, “second draught of a drink”)
  • عِلَّة (ʕilla, “defect; reason”)
  • عُلَالَة (ʕulāla, “thing serving diversion; regalement; solace”)
  • تَعِلَّى (taʕillā, “pretext”)
  • عَلِيل (ʕalīl, “sick”)

References
  1. Bravmann, Meïr Max (1977) “Syriac dalmā and related Arabic phenomena; Expressions based on the noun yawm- “day””, in Studies in Semitic Philology (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 6), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 327–328, 401
  2. Landberg, Carlo, editor (1883), Proverbes et dictons du people arabe. Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance des dialectes vulgaires. I. Proverbes et dictons de la province de Syrie Section de Ṣaydâ‎ (in French), Leiden: Brill, page 158 line 2 and Landberg, Carlo, editor (1883), Proverbes et dictons du people arabe. Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance des dialectes vulgaires. I. Proverbes et dictons de la province de Syrie Section de Ṣaydâ‎ (in French), Leiden: Brill, page 166 last line

Further reading
  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “ع ل ل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 204–205
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “ع ل ل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2123–2125
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ع ل ل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 864–865
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