شيطان

See also: شیطان

Arabic

Etymology

Often interpreted as coming from the root ش ي ط (š-y-ṭ) meaning “to burn, scorch” and the ـَان (-ān) suffix forming adjectives. Given the historical precedence of Hebrew texts wherein the word is of relevance, it is likely that the Arabic word is a reinterpretation of Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān), from a root relating to opposition or accusation.

Cognate with Classical Syriac ܣܛܢܐ (sāṭānā), Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān), Ge'ez ሠይጣን (śäyṭan), ሰይጣን (säyṭan).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃaj.tˤaːn/

Noun

شَيْطَان • (šayṭān) m (plural شَيَاطِين (šayāṭīn))

(defined) Satan, shaitan, the Devil
Synonym: إِبْلِيس (ʔiblīs)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:208:
  يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ
  O you who have believed, enter into Islam completely [and perfectly] and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.
(religion) devil, evil jinn
demon, fiend

Declension

Declension of noun شَيْطَان (šayṭān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَيْطَان šayṭān	الشَّيْطَان aš-šayṭān	شَيْطَان šayṭān
Nominative	شَيْطَانٌ šayṭānun	الشَّيْطَانُ aš-šayṭānu	شَيْطَانُ šayṭānu
Accusative	شَيْطَانًا šayṭānan	الشَّيْطَانَ aš-šayṭāna	شَيْطَانَ šayṭāna
Genitive	شَيْطَانٍ šayṭānin	الشَّيْطَانِ aš-šayṭāni	شَيْطَانِ šayṭāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَيْطَانَيْن šayṭānayn	الشَّيْطَانَيْن aš-šayṭānayn	شَيْطَانَيْ šayṭānay
Nominative	شَيْطَانَانِ šayṭānāni	الشَّيْطَانَانِ aš-šayṭānāni	شَيْطَانَا šayṭānā
Accusative	شَيْطَانَيْنِ šayṭānayni	الشَّيْطَانَيْنِ aš-šayṭānayni	شَيْطَانَيْ šayṭānay
Genitive	شَيْطَانَيْنِ šayṭānayni	الشَّيْطَانَيْنِ aš-šayṭānayni	شَيْطَانَيْ šayṭānay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَيَاطِين šayāṭīn	الشَّيَاطِين aš-šayāṭīn	شَيَاطِين šayāṭīn
Nominative	شَيَاطِينُ šayāṭīnu	الشَّيَاطِينُ aš-šayāṭīnu	شَيَاطِينُ šayāṭīnu
Accusative	شَيَاطِينَ šayāṭīna	الشَّيَاطِينَ aš-šayāṭīna	شَيَاطِينَ šayāṭīna
Genitive	شَيَاطِينَ šayāṭīna	الشَّيَاطِينِ aš-šayāṭīni	شَيَاطِينِ šayāṭīni

Related terms

جِنّ (jinn, “jinn”)
جَانّ (jānn, “jann”)
نَسْنَاس (nasnās, “nasnas”)
غُول (ḡūl, “ghoul”)

Descendants

Maltese: xitan
→ Assamese: চৈতান (soitan)
→ Azerbaijani: şeytan
→ Bashkir: шайтан (şaytan)
→ Belarusian: шайта́н (šajtán)
→ Bengali: শয়তান (śoẏotan)
→ Bura: shatan
→ English: shaitan
→ Finnish: shaitan
→ French: chétane
→ Hausa: shaiɗan
→ Hindustani:
→ Hindi: शैतान (śaitān)

→ Urdu: شیطان (śaitān)
→ Japanese: シャイターン (shaitān)
→ Kannada: ಸೈತಾನ (saitāna)
→ Karaim: шайтан (şaytan)
→ Kazakh: сайтан (saitan), шайтан (şaitan)
→ Khalaj: Şəytân
→ Northern Kurdish: şeytan
→ Malay: setan, syaitan
- Indonesian: setan, syaitan
  - → West Makian: setan
→ Malayalam: ശയ്ത്താന് (śayttāṉ), ശൈത്താൻ (śaittāṉ)
→ Maranao: saitan, Saitan
→ Marathi: सैतान (saitān)
→ Oromo: sheetanna, seetanna
→ Pashto: شيطان (šaytãn)
→ Persian: شیطان (šaytân)
- Tajik: шайтон (šayton)
→ Portuguese: shaitan
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ (śaitān)

Shahmukhi script: شیطان (śet̤ān)
→ Ottoman Turkish: شیطان (şeytan)
- Turkish: şeytan
- → Albanian: shejtan
- → Armenian: շեյթան (šeytʻan)
- → Romanian: șeitan
- → Bulgarian: шейта́н (šejtán)
- → Macedonian: шејтан (šejtan)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ше́јта̄н
  
  Latin script: šéjtān
- → Crimean Tatar: şeytan
→ Rohingya: cóitan
→ Russian: шайта́н (šajtán)
→ Somali: shayddaan
→ Swahili: shetani
- → English: shetani
→ Sylheti: ꠡꠄꠔꠣꠘ (śoetan)
→ Tatar: шайтан (şaytan)
→ Tamil: சைத்தான் (caittāṉ)
→ Tausug: saytan
→ Thai: ชัยฏอน (chai-dtɔɔn)
→ Turkmen: şeýtan
→ Ukrainian: шайта́н (šajtán)
→ Uyghur: شەيتان (sheytan)
→ Uzbek: shayton
→ Wolof: seytaane
→ Yakan: seyitan

References

Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “شيطان”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2^nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 522–523
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 47
Praetorius, Franz (1907) “Äthiopische Etymologien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 61, pages 619–620
Wehr, Hans (1979) “شيطن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Malay

Noun

شيطان (plural شيطان-شيطان or شيطان ۲)

Jawi spelling of syaitan.

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