خوف

See also: جوف and خ و ف

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
خ و ف (ḵ-w-f)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xawf/
Audio (file)

Noun

خَوْف • (ḵawf) m

verbal noun of خَافَ (ḵāfa) (form I)
fear

Declension

Declension of noun خَوْف (ḵawf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَوْف ḵawf	الْخَوْف al-ḵawf	خَوْف ḵawf
Nominative	خَوْفٌ ḵawfun	الْخَوْفُ al-ḵawfu	خَوْفُ ḵawfu
Accusative	خَوْفًا ḵawfan	الْخَوْفَ al-ḵawfa	خَوْفَ ḵawfa
Genitive	خَوْفٍ ḵawfin	الْخَوْفِ al-ḵawfi	خَوْفِ ḵawfi

Descendants

Gulf Arabic: خوف (ḵōf)
→ Azerbaijani: xof
→ Karaim: хоф (hof)
→ Kazakh: қауіп (qauıp)
→ Kyrgyz: кооп (koop)
→ Persian: خوف (xowf)
- → Hindi: ख़ौफ़ (xauf)
- → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੌਫ਼ (xauf)
→ Swahili: hofu
→ Uyghur: خەۋپ (xewp)
→ Uzbek: xavf

Verb

خَوَّفَ • (ḵawwafa) II, non-past يُخَوِّفُ‎ (yuḵawwifu)

to frighten
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:175:
  إِنَّمَا ذَٰلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ فَلَا تَخَافُوهُمْ وَخَافُونِ إِن كُنْتُم مُؤْمِنِينَ
  ʔinnamā ḏālikumu š-šayṭānu yuḵawwifu ʔawliyāʔahu falā taḵāfūhum waḵāfūni ʔin kuntum muʔminīna
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:60:
  وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا
  wanuḵawwifuhum famā yazīduhum ʔillā ṭuḡyānan kabīran
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

خَوَّفَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَخْوِيف taḵwīf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُخَوِّف muḵawwif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُخَوَّف muḵawwaf
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّفْتُ ḵawwaftu	خَوَّفْتَ ḵawwafta	خَوَّفَ ḵawwafa	خَوَّفْتُمَا ḵawwaftumā	خَوَّفَا ḵawwafā	خَوَّفْنَا ḵawwafnā	خَوَّفْتُمْ ḵawwaftum	خَوَّفُوا ḵawwafū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَوَّفْتُ ḵawwaftu	خَوَّفْتِ ḵawwafti	خَوَّفَتْ ḵawwafat	خَوَّفْتُمَا ḵawwaftumā	خَوَّفَتَا ḵawwafatā	خَوَّفْنَا ḵawwafnā	خَوَّفْتُنَّ ḵawwaftunna	خَوَّفْنَ ḵawwafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّفُ ʔuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفُ tuḵawwifu	يُخَوِّفُ yuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni	يُخَوِّفَانِ yuḵawwifāni	نُخَوِّفُ nuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفُونَ tuḵawwifūna	يُخَوِّفُونَ yuḵawwifūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوِّفُ ʔuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفِينَ tuḵawwifīna	تُخَوِّفُ tuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni	تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni	نُخَوِّفُ nuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna	يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّفَ ʔuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفَ tuḵawwifa	يُخَوِّفَ yuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	يُخَوِّفَا yuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفَ nuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفُوا tuḵawwifū	يُخَوِّفُوا yuḵawwifū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوِّفَ ʔuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفِي tuḵawwifī	تُخَوِّفَ tuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفَ nuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna	يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّفْ ʔuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفْ tuḵawwif	يُخَوِّفْ yuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	يُخَوِّفَا yuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفْ nuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفُوا tuḵawwifū	يُخَوِّفُوا yuḵawwifū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوِّفْ ʔuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفِي tuḵawwifī	تُخَوِّفْ tuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفْ nuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna	يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّفْ ḵawwif		خَوِّفَا ḵawwifā			خَوِّفُوا ḵawwifū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خَوِّفِي ḵawwifī		خَوِّفَا ḵawwifā			خَوِّفْنَ ḵawwifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّفْتُ ḵuwwiftu	خُوِّفْتَ ḵuwwifta	خُوِّفَ ḵuwwifa	خُوِّفْتُمَا ḵuwwiftumā	خُوِّفَا ḵuwwifā	خُوِّفْنَا ḵuwwifnā	خُوِّفْتُمْ ḵuwwiftum	خُوِّفُوا ḵuwwifū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُوِّفْتُ ḵuwwiftu	خُوِّفْتِ ḵuwwifti	خُوِّفَتْ ḵuwwifat	خُوِّفْتُمَا ḵuwwiftumā	خُوِّفَتَا ḵuwwifatā	خُوِّفْنَا ḵuwwifnā	خُوِّفْتُنَّ ḵuwwiftunna	خُوِّفْنَ ḵuwwifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّفُ ʔuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفُ tuḵawwafu	يُخَوَّفُ yuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni	يُخَوَّفَانِ yuḵawwafāni	نُخَوَّفُ nuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفُونَ tuḵawwafūna	يُخَوَّفُونَ yuḵawwafūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوَّفُ ʔuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفِينَ tuḵawwafīna	تُخَوَّفُ tuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni	تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni	نُخَوَّفُ nuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna	يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّفَ ʔuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفَ tuḵawwafa	يُخَوَّفَ yuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	يُخَوَّفَا yuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفَ nuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفُوا tuḵawwafū	يُخَوَّفُوا yuḵawwafū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوَّفَ ʔuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفِي tuḵawwafī	تُخَوَّفَ tuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفَ nuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna	يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّفْ ʔuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفْ tuḵawwaf	يُخَوَّفْ yuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	يُخَوَّفَا yuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفْ nuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفُوا tuḵawwafū	يُخَوَّفُوا yuḵawwafū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوَّفْ ʔuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفِي tuḵawwafī	تُخَوَّفْ tuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفْ nuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna	يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna

Adjective

خُوَّف • (ḵuwwaf) m pl

masculine plural of خَائِف (ḵāʔif)

Hijazi Arabic

Root
خ و ف
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xoːf/, [xo̞ːf]

Noun

خوف • (ḵōf) m

fear

Etymology 2

From Arabic خَوَّفَ (ḵawwafa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xaw.waf/

Verb

خَوَّف • (ḵawwaf) II (non-past يِخَوِّف (yiḵawwif))

to frighten

Conjugation

Conjugation of خوف (ḵawwaf)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	خوفت (ḵawwaft)	خوفت (ḵawwaft)	خوف (ḵawwaf)	خوفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوفتوا (ḵawwaftu)	خوفوا (ḵawwafu)
past	f	خوفت (ḵawwaft)	خوفتي (ḵawwafti)	خوفت (ḵawwafat)	خوفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوفتوا (ḵawwaftu)	خوفوا (ḵawwafu)
non-past	m	أخوف (ʔaḵawwif)	تخوف (tiḵawwif)	يخوف (yiḵawwif)	نخوف (niḵawwif)	تخوفوا (tiḵawwifu)	يخوفوا (yiḵawwifu)
non-past	f	أخوف (ʔaḵawwif)	تخوفي (tiḵawwifi)	تخوف (tiḵawwif)	نخوف (niḵawwif)	تخوفوا (tiḵawwifu)	يخوفوا (yiḵawwifu)
imperative	m		خوف (ḵawwif)			خوفوا (ḵawwifu)
imperative	f		خوفي (ḵawwifi)			خوفوا (ḵawwifu)

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xawf]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xäwf]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xäwf]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xäwf]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xowf]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χäwf]

Readings
Classical reading^?	xawf
Dari reading^?	xawf
Iranian reading^?	xowf
Tajik reading^?	xavf

Noun


Iranian Persian	خوف
Dari	خوف
Tajik	хавф

خوف • (xowf) (plural خوف‌ها (xowf-hâ))

fear
Synonyms: بیم (bim), تَرس (tars), سَهم (sahm)

Derived terms

خُوفناک (xowfnâk)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
خ و ف
4 terms

Etymology

From Arabic خَوَّفَ (ḵawwafa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xaw.waf/, [ˈxaw.waf]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

خوّف • (ḵawwaf) II (present بخوّف (biḵawwef))

to frighten

Conjugation

Conjugation of خوّف (ḵawwaf)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	خوّفت (ḵawwaft)	خوّفت (ḵawwaft)	خوّف (ḵawwaf)	خوّفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوّفتو (ḵawwaftu)	خوّفو (ḵawwafu)
past	f	خوّفت (ḵawwaft)	خوّفتي (ḵawwafti)	خوّفت (ḵawwafat)	خوّفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوّفتو (ḵawwaftu)	خوّفو (ḵawwafu)
present	m	بخوّف (baḵawwef)	بتخوّف (bitḵawwef)	بخوّف (biḵawwef)	منخوّف (minḵawwef)	بتخوّفو (bitḵawwfu)	بخوّفو (biḵawwfu)
present	f	بخوّف (baḵawwef)	بتخوّفي (bitḵawwfi)	بتخوّف (bitḵawwef)	منخوّف (minḵawwef)	بتخوّفو (bitḵawwfu)	بخوّفو (biḵawwfu)
subjunctive	m	اخوّف (aḵawwef)	تخوّف (tḵawwef)	يخوّف (yḵawwef)	نخوّف (nḵawwef)	تخوّفو (tḵawwfu)	يخوّفو (yḵawwfu)
subjunctive	f	اخوّف (aḵawwef)	تخوّفي (tḵawwfi)	تخوّف (tḵawwef)	نخوّف (nḵawwef)	تخوّفو (tḵawwfu)	يخوّفو (yḵawwfu)
imperative	m		خوّف (ḵawwef)			خوّفو (ḵawwfu)
imperative	f		خوّفي (ḵawwfi)			خوّفو (ḵawwfu)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xawf), from Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xɔːf/

Noun

خَوف • (xauf) m (Hindi spelling ख़ौफ़)

fear

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