خرشوف

Arabic

خُرْشُوف

Alternative forms

خُرْشُف (ḵuršuf) — basilectal

Etymology

Connections to Akkadian 𒅈𒋢𒌒𒁍 (arsuppu, “a type of cereal with a braid appearance; an unidentified type of apple or produce”, literally “carp fish, scales”), so applied from the appearance of its head.

Or, perhaps from Middle Persian *xār-čōp (literally “thorn stick”), from [script needed] (hʾl /⁠xār⁠/, “thorn”) + [script needed] (cwp /⁠čōb, čōp⁠/) equalling modern Persian (xâr)) + (čôb), (čôp, “stick”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xar.ʃuːf/, /xur.ʃuːf/

Noun

خُرْشُوف • (ḵuršūf) m (plural خَرَاشِيف (ḵarāšīf))

artichoke

Declension

Declension of noun خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُرْشُوف ḵuršūf	الْخُرْشُوف al-ḵuršūf	خُرْشُوف ḵuršūf
Nominative	خُرْشُوفٌ ḵuršūfun	الْخُرْشُوفُ al-ḵuršūfu	خُرْشُوفُ ḵuršūfu
Accusative	خُرْشُوفًا ḵuršūfan	الْخُرْشُوفَ al-ḵuršūfa	خُرْشُوفَ ḵuršūfa
Genitive	خُرْشُوفٍ ḵuršūfin	الْخُرْشُوفِ al-ḵuršūfi	خُرْشُوفِ ḵuršūfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُرْشُوفَيْن ḵuršūfayn	الْخُرْشُوفَيْن al-ḵuršūfayn	خُرْشُوفَيْ ḵuršūfay
Nominative	خُرْشُوفَانِ ḵuršūfāni	الْخُرْشُوفَانِ al-ḵuršūfāni	خُرْشُوفَا ḵuršūfā
Accusative	خُرْشُوفَيْنِ ḵuršūfayni	الْخُرْشُوفَيْنِ al-ḵuršūfayni	خُرْشُوفَيْ ḵuršūfay
Genitive	خُرْشُوفَيْنِ ḵuršūfayni	الْخُرْشُوفَيْنِ al-ḵuršūfayni	خُرْشُوفَيْ ḵuršūfay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَرَاشِيف ḵarāšīf	الْخَرَاشِيف al-ḵarāšīf	خَرَاشِيف ḵarāšīf
Nominative	خَرَاشِيفُ ḵarāšīfu	الْخَرَاشِيفُ al-ḵarāšīfu	خَرَاشِيفُ ḵarāšīfu
Accusative	خَرَاشِيفَ ḵarāšīfa	الْخَرَاشِيفَ al-ḵarāšīfa	خَرَاشِيفَ ḵarāšīfa
Genitive	خَرَاشِيفَ ḵarāšīfa	الْخَرَاشِيفِ al-ḵarāšīfi	خَرَاشِيفِ ḵarāšīfi

Descendants

Andalusian Arabic: خَرْشُوف (ẖaršū́f)
- → Catalan: carxofa
- → Aragonese: garchofa
- → Old Spanish: alcarchofa
  - Spanish: alcachofa
    - → Tagalog: alkatsopas
  - → Occitan: artichaut [1][2]
    - → French: artichaut
      - → Vietnamese: atisô
    - → Italian (northern Italy): articiocco (see there for further descendants)
- → Portuguese: alcachofra, alcachofa
Siculo-Arabic: خرشوف
- → Italian: carciofo, carcioffo
  - → Middle French: carchoffle
  - → Polish: karczoch
  - → Spanish: alcachofa
- → Neapolitan: carcioffula
- → Sicilian: cacòcciula, cacòcciulu, carciòffula
  - → Maltese: qaqoċċ
→ Hebrew: חרשף

References

Elcock, W. D. (1960) The Romance Languages‎, page 282: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".
artichaut in Dicod'oc

Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 403
Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 407–412
“suādu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011, pages 307-308

Hijazi Arabic

خَرْشوف

Etymology

From Arabic خَرْشُوف (ḵaršūf).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xarˈʃuːf/

Noun

خرشوف • (ḵaršūf) m (plural خراشيف (ḵarāšīf))

artichoke

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xar.ʃuːf/
Audio (file)

Noun

خرشوف • (ḵaršūf) m (collective, singulative خرشوفة f (ḵaršūf), paucal خرشوفات (ḵaršūfāt))

artichoke
Synonyms: خرشف (ḵuršuf), قوق (qūq), قنارية (qannāriyya)

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[1] Elcock, W. D. (1960) The Romance Languages‎, page 282: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".

[2] rtichaut in Dicod'oc