جر
Arabic
    
    Etymology 1
    
| Root | 
|---|
| ج ر ر (j-r-r) | 
Verb
    
جَرَّ • (jarra) I, non-past يَجُرُّ (yajurru)
- to pull, to draw, to drag, to attract
 - to extend, to stretch
 - to abstract, to rob
 - to bring about, to cause
 - to drive slowly (livestock)
 - to pasture freely (livestock)
 - (horse, army, etc.) to furrow (the ground)
 - to commit a crime or offense
 - (pregnant woman, etc.) to bear beyond the usual time
 - to wean the foal of a camel (by splitting its tongue)
 - to put a word in the oblique or genitive case
 - to pronounce the kasra at the end of a word
 - to use the rein
 
Conjugation
    
Conjugation of 
جَرَّ
 (form-I geminate, verbal noun جَرّ)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر  | 
jarr  | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل  | 
jārr  | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول  | 
majrūr  | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم  | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد  | 
dual الْمُثَنَّى  | 
plural الْجَمْع  | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم  | 
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب  | 
3rd person الْغَائِب  | 
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب  | 
3rd person الْغَائِب  | 
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم  | 
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب  | 
3rd person الْغَائِب  | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي  | 
m | jarartu  | 
jararta  | 
jarra  | 
جَرَرْتُمَا jarartumā  | 
جَرَّا jarrā  | 
jararnā  | 
jarartum  | 
jarrū  | |||
| f | jararti  | 
jarrat  | 
جَرَّتَا jarratā  | 
jarartunna  | 
jararna  | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع  | 
m | ʔajurru  | 
tajurru  | 
yajurru  | 
تَجُرَّانِ tajurrāni  | 
يَجُرَّانِ yajurrāni  | 
najurru  | 
tajurrūna  | 
yajurrūna  | |||
| f | tajurrīna  | 
tajurru  | 
تَجُرَّانِ tajurrāni  | 
tajrurna  | 
yajrurna  | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب  | 
m | ʔajurra  | 
tajurra  | 
yajurra  | 
تَجُرَّا tajurrā  | 
يَجُرَّا yajurrā  | 
najurra  | 
tajurrū  | 
yajurrū  | |||
| f | tajurrī  | 
tajurra  | 
تَجُرَّا tajurrā  | 
tajrurna  | 
yajrurna  | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم  | 
m | ʔajurra or ʔajurri or ʔajrur  | 
tajurra or tajurri or tajrur  | 
yajurra or yajurri or yajrur  | 
تَجُرَّا tajurrā  | 
يَجُرَّا yajurrā  | 
najurra or najurri or najrur  | 
tajurrū  | 
yajurrū  | |||
| f | tajurrī  | 
tajurra or tajurri or tajrur  | 
تَجُرَّا tajurrā  | 
tajrurna  | 
yajrurna  | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر  | 
m | jurra or jurri or ujrur  | 
جُرَّا jurrā  | 
jurrū  | 
||||||||
| f | jurrī  | 
ujrurna  | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول  | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد  | 
dual الْمُثَنَّى  | 
plural الْجَمْع  | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم  | 
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب  | 
3rd person الْغَائِب  | 
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب  | 
3rd person الْغَائِب  | 
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم  | 
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب  | 
3rd person الْغَائِب  | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي  | 
m | jurirtu  | 
jurirta  | 
jurra  | 
جُرِرْتُمَا jurirtumā  | 
جُرَّا jurrā  | 
jurirnā  | 
jurirtum  | 
jurrū  | |||
| f | jurirti  | 
jurrat  | 
جُرَّتَا jurratā  | 
jurirtunna  | 
jurirna  | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع  | 
m | ʔujarru  | 
tujarru  | 
yujarru  | 
تُجَرَّانِ tujarrāni  | 
يُجَرَّانِ yujarrāni  | 
nujarru  | 
tujarrūna  | 
yujarrūna  | |||
| f | tujarrīna  | 
tujarru  | 
تُجَرَّانِ tujarrāni  | 
tujrarna  | 
yujrarna  | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب  | 
m | ʔujarra  | 
tujarra  | 
yujarra  | 
تُجَرَّا tujarrā  | 
يُجَرَّا yujarrā  | 
nujarra  | 
tujarrū  | 
yujarrū  | |||
| f | tujarrī  | 
tujarra  | 
تُجَرَّا tujarrā  | 
tujrarna  | 
yujrarna  | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم  | 
m | ʔujarra or ʔujarri or ʔujrar  | 
tujarra or tujarri or tujrar  | 
yujarra or yujarri or yujrar  | 
تُجَرَّا tujarrā  | 
يُجَرَّا yujarrā  | 
nujarra or nujarri or nujrar  | 
tujarrū  | 
yujarrū  | |||
| f | tujarrī  | 
tujarra or tujarri or tujrar  | 
تُجَرَّا tujarrā  | 
tujrarna  | 
yujrarna  | |||||||
Synonyms
    
- (grammar): خَفَضَ (ḵafaḍa)
 
References
    
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “جر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
 - Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
 - Wehr, Hans (1979) “جر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
 
Noun
    
جَرّ • (jarr) m (plural جِرَار (jirār))
- verbal noun of جَرَّ (jarra, “to pull”) (form I)
 - pulling, pull, drawing, draft
 - dragging, drag, towage, hauling
 - stretching, lengthening, extending
 - bringing on, causing
 - (grammar) oblique case, genitive case
 - (grammar) pronunciation of the final consonant with -i
 - foot of a mountain
 - valley
 - cave
 
Declension
    
Declension of noun جَرّ (jarr)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جَرّ jarr  | 
الْجَرّ al-jarr  | 
جَرّ jarr  | 
| Nominative | جَرٌّ jarrun  | 
الْجَرُّ al-jarru  | 
جَرُّ jarru  | 
| Accusative | جَرًّا jarran  | 
الْجَرَّ al-jarra  | 
جَرَّ jarra  | 
| Genitive | جَرٍّ jarrin  | 
الْجَرِّ al-jarri  | 
جَرِّ jarri  | 
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | 
| Informal | جَرَّيْن jarrayn  | 
الْجَرَّيْن al-jarrayn  | 
جَرَّيْ jarray  | 
| Nominative | جَرَّانِ jarrāni  | 
الْجَرَّانِ al-jarrāni  | 
جَرَّا jarrā  | 
| Accusative | جَرَّيْنِ jarrayni  | 
الْجَرَّيْنِ al-jarrayni  | 
جَرَّيْ jarray  | 
| Genitive | جَرَّيْنِ jarrayni  | 
الْجَرَّيْنِ al-jarrayni  | 
جَرَّيْ jarray  | 
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جِرَار jirār  | 
الْجِرَار al-jirār  | 
جِرَار jirār  | 
| Nominative | جِرَارٌ jirārun  | 
الْجِرَارُ al-jirāru  | 
جِرَارُ jirāru  | 
| Accusative | جِرَارًا jirāran  | 
الْجِرَارَ al-jirāra  | 
جِرَارَ jirāra  | 
| Genitive | جِرَارٍ jirārin  | 
الْجِرَارِ al-jirāri  | 
جِرَارِ jirāri  | 
Synonyms
    
- (grammar): خَفْض (ḵafḍ)
 
References
    
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “جر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
 - Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
 - Wehr, Hans (1979) “جر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
 
Moroccan Arabic
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ʒarr/
 Audio (file) 
Conjugation
    
| Conjugation of جر | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| past | m | جرّيت (jarrīt) | جرّيتي (jarrīti) | جرّ (jarr) | جرّينا (jarrīna) | جرّيتوا (jarrītu) | جرّوا (jarru) | |
| f | جرّت (jarrāt) | |||||||
| non-past | m | نجرّ (njurr) | تجرّ (tjurr) | يجرّ (yjurr) | نجرّوا (njurru) | تجرّوا (tjurru) | يجرّوا (yjurru) | |
| f | تجرّي (tjurri) | تجرّ (tjurr) | ||||||
| imperative | m | جرّ (jurr) | جرّوا (jurru) | |||||
| f | جرّي (jurri) | |||||||
Persian
    
    Etymology
    
Probably from Middle Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoh₁ro- (“gap, empty space”). Alternatively from Turkic (compare Turkish yar).
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