вал
See also: вял and Appendix:Variations of "val"
Bulgarian
Etymology
Diachronically from Proto-Slavic *valъ. Synchronically could be interpreted either as a resultant noun or as the origin of Bulgarian валя́ (valjá, “to rain; to knock, to tumble down”). The technical meaning is borrowed from Russian вал (val), ultimately from the same origin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vaɫ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aɫ
Noun
вал • (val) m
Declension
Derived terms
- подва́л (podvál, “firmament, basement”) (dialectal)
- прева́л (prevál, “opposite slope of a hill”)
- прова́л (provál, “failure, downfall”)
- свал (sval) (obsolete)
- разва́л (razvál, “breakdown”)
- ува́л (uvál, “dale, depression”) (dialectal)
- ва́лог (válog, “depression between highlands”) (dialectal)
- ва́лов (válov, “rolling, axle”)
- ва́лък (válǎk) (dialectal)
Erzya
Etymology
From Proto-Mordvinic *valə, inherited from Proto-Uralic *wala. Cognates include Finnish vala (“oath”), Lule Sami vuolle (“song”), Nganasan бәлы.
Noun
вал • (val)
- word
- чуросто вастневиця вал ― čurosto vastńevića val ― a rare word
- 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 15:
- No uleze tynk valonk “isťa, isťa”, “araś, araś”; i meze uli tede uskula, se šaitansto.
- All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything beyond this comes from the evil one.
- (literally, “Let your words be [...]”)
- promise
- Synonyms: мель-вал (meľ-val), алтамо (altamo)
- максомс вал ― maksoms val ― to promise
Declension
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
- nouns: валкс (valks), валнэ (valne)
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “вал”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- Entry #1684 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Komi-Zyrian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋal/, [ˈʋäɫ]
- Hyphenation: вал
Declension
| Declension of вал (stem: валй-) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | вал (val) | валъяс (valjas) | |
| accusative | I* | вал (val) | валъяс (valjas) |
| II* | валйӧс (valjös) | валъясӧс (valjasös) | |
| instrumental | валйӧн (valjön) | валъясӧн (valjasön) | |
| comitative | валкӧд (valköd) | валъяскӧд (valjasköd) | |
| caritive | валтӧг (valtög) | валъястӧг (valjastög) | |
| consecutive | валла (valla) | валъясла (valjasla) | |
| genitive | валлӧн (vallön) | валъяслӧн (valjaslön) | |
| ablative | валлысь (vallyś) | валъяслысь (valjaslyś) | |
| dative | валлы (vally) | валъяслы (valjasly) | |
| inessive | валйын (valjyn) | валъясын (valjasyn) | |
| elative | валйысь (valjyś) | валъясысь (valjasyś) | |
| illative | валйӧ (valjö) | валъясӧ (valjasö) | |
| egressive | валсянь (valśań) | валъяссянь (valjasśań) | |
| approximative | валлань (vallań) | валъяслань (valjaslań) | |
| terminative | валйӧдз (valjödź) | валъясӧдз (valjasödź) | |
| prolative | I | валйӧд (valjöd) | валъясӧд (valjasöd) |
| II | валті (valti) | валъясті (valjasti) | |
| *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. | |||
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References
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 75
Nivkh
Russian
Alternative forms
- валъ (val) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vaɫ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aɫ
Declension
Descendants
- → Komi-Zyrian: вал (val)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вал”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “вал”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 132
Further reading
- вал in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *valъ, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, roll”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋâːl/
Declension
Synonyms
Udmurt
Валъёс.
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *vɔ̇l, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wälɜ. Cognates include Erzya ведрекш (vedŕekš, “heifer”) and Estonian veis (“bull, ox”).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian вӧв (vöv), Komi-Permyak вӧв (vöv) and Komi-Yazva вӧл (völ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʋäl]
- Rhymes: -äl
- Hyphenation: вал
Declension
Declension of вал (hard declension)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | вал val |
валъёс valjos |
| accusative | валэз valez |
валъёсыз valjosyz |
| genitive | валлэн vallen |
валъёслэн valjoslen |
| dative | валлы vally |
валъёслы valjosly |
| ablative | валлэсь valleś |
валъёслэсь valjosleś |
| instrumental | валэн valen |
валъёсын valjosyn |
| abessive | валтэк valtek |
валъёстэк valjostek |
| adverbial | валъя valja |
валъёсъя valjosja |
| inessive | валын valyn |
валъёсын valjosyn |
| illative | валэ vale |
валъёсы valjosy |
| elative | валысь valyś |
валъёсысь valjosyś |
| egressive | валысьен valyśjen |
валъёсысьен valjosyśjen |
| terminative | валозь valoź |
валъёсозь valjosoź |
| prolative | валэтӥ valeti |
валъёсытӥ valjosyti |
| allative | валлань vallań |
валъёслань valjoslań |
Possessive forms of вал
1st singular possessive forms of вал
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | валэ vale |
валъёсы valjosy |
| accusative | валме valme |
валъёсме valjosme |
| genitive | валэлэн valelen |
валъёсылэн valjosylen |
| dative | валэлы valely |
валъёсылы valjosyly |
| ablative | валэлэсь valeleś |
валъёсылэсь valjosyleś |
| instrumental | валэным valenym |
валъёсыным valjosynym |
2nd singular possessive forms of вал
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | валэд valed |
валъёсыд valjosyd |
| accusative | валдэ valde |
валъёстэ valjoste |
| genitive | валэдлэн valedlen |
валъёсыдлэн valjosydlen |
| dative | валэдлы valedly |
валъёсыдлы valjosydly |
| ablative | валэдлэсь valedleś |
валъёсыдлэсь valjosydleś |
| instrumental | валэныд valenyd |
валъёсыныд valjosynyd |
3rd singular possessive forms of вал
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | валэз valez |
валъёсыз valjosyz |
| accusative | валзэ valze |
валъёссэ valjosse |
| genitive | валэзлэн valezlen |
валъёсызлэн valjosyzlen |
| dative | валэзлы valezly |
валъёсызлы valjosyzly |
| ablative | валэзлэсь valezleś |
валъёсызлэсь valjosyzleś |
| instrumental | валэныз valenyz |
валъёсыныз valjosynyz |
1st plural possessive forms of вал
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | валмы valmy |
валъёсмы valjosmy |
| accusative | валмэс valmes |
валъёсмес valjosmes |
| genitive | валмылэн valmylen |
валъёсмылэн valjosmylen |
| dative | валмылы valmyly |
валъёсмылы valjosmyly |
| ablative | валмылэсь valmyleś |
валъёсмылэсь valjosmyleś |
| instrumental | валэнымы valenymy |
валъёсынымы valjosynymy |
2nd plural possessive forms of вал
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | валды valdy |
валъёсты valjosty |
| accusative | валдэс valdes |
валъёстэс valjostes |
| genitive | валдылэн valdylen |
валъёстылэн valjostylen |
| dative | валдылы valdyly |
валъёстылы valjostyly |
| ablative | валдылэсь valdyleś |
валъёстылэсь valjostyleś |
| instrumental | валэныды valenydy |
валъёсыныды valjosynydy |
3rd plural possessive forms of вал
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | валзы valzy |
валъёссы valjossy |
| accusative | валзэс valzes |
валъёссэс valjosses |
| genitive | валзылэн valzylen |
валъёссылэн valjossylen |
| dative | валзылы valzyly |
валъёссылы valjossyly |
| ablative | валзылэсь valzyleś |
валъёссылэсь valjossyleś |
| instrumental | валэнызы valenyzy |
валъёсынызы valjosynyzy |
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “вал”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 101
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 310
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