ψευδής

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

(rare, irregular) ψαυδής (psaudḗs)

Etymology

From the root of ψεύδω (pseúdō, “to lie”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pseu̯.dɛ̌ːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /psewˈde̝s/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pseβˈðis/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /psevˈðis/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /psevˈðis/

Adjective

ψευδής • (pseudḗs) m or f (neuter ψευδές); third declension

lying, false, untrue
Synonym: ψυδρός (psudrós)
deceived, beguiled

Usage notes

In many Classical Greek cities, being good at lying and deception was considered a virtue and a heroic quality; in the Odyssey for example.

Declension

Third declension of ψευδής; ψευδές (contracted, Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ψευδής pseudḗs	ψευδές pseudés	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖς pseudeîs	ψευδῆ pseudê
Genitive	ψευδοῦς pseudoûs	ψευδοῦς pseudoûs	ψευδοῖν pseudoîn	ψευδοῖν pseudoîn	ψευδῶν pseudôn	ψευδῶν pseudôn
Dative	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδοῖν pseudoîn	ψευδοῖν pseudoîn	ψευδέσῐ / ψευδέσῐν pseudési(n)	ψευδέσῐ / ψευδέσῐν pseudési(n)
Accusative	ψευδῆ pseudê	ψευδές pseudés	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖς pseudeîs	ψευδῆ pseudê
Vocative	ψευδές pseudés	ψευδές pseudés	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖς pseudeîs	ψευδῆ pseudê
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ψευδῶς pseudôs		ψευδέστερος pseudésteros		ψευδέστᾰτος pseudéstatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “lying”): ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”)

Derived terms

φιλοψευδής (philopseudḗs)
ψευδ- (pseud-)
ψευδάδελφος (pseudádelphos)
ψευδαπόστολος (pseudapóstolos)
ψευδο- (pseudo-)
ψευδό- (pseudó-)
ψευδογράφος (pseudográphos)
ψευδόχρῡσος (pseudókhrūsos)
ψευδώνῠμος (pseudṓnumos)

Descendants

Greek: ψευδής (psevdís)

References

“ψευδής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ψευδής”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ψευδής”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ψευδής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ψευδής in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ψευδής”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5281 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- baseless idem, page 64.
- delusive idem, page 209.
- erroneous idem, page 281.
- fallacious idem, page 304.
- false idem, page 304.
- fictitious idem, page 317.
- garbled idem, page 354.
- heterodox idem, page 398.
- hypocritical idem, page 412.
- imaginary idem, page 416.
- inaccurate idem, page 427.
- incorrect idem, page 430.
- lie idem, page 489.
- lying idem, page 506.
- mendacious idem, page 524.
- misleading idem, page 534.
- mistaken idem, page 535.
- mythical idem, page 549.
- unfounded idem, page 919.
- ungrounded idem, page 920.
- unreal idem, page 929.
- untrue idem, page 935.
- untruthful idem, page 935.
- wrong idem, page 994.

Greek

Etymology

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pseˈvðis/
Hyphenation: ψευ‧δής
Homophone: ψευδείς (psevdeís)

Adjective

ψευδής • (psevdís) m (feminine ψευδής, neuter ψευδές)

false; sham; insincere; wearing masks
Antonyms: αληθής (alithís, “true”), αψευδής (apsevdís, “not lying”)

Declension

Declension of ψευδής

number case \ gender	singular			plural
number case \ gender	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ψευδής •	ψευδής •	ψευδές •	ψευδείς •	ψευδείς •	ψευδή •
genitive	ψευδούς •	ψευδούς •	ψευδούς •	ψευδών •	ψευδών •	ψευδών •
accusative	ψευδή •	ψευδή •	ψευδές •	ψευδείς •	ψευδείς •	ψευδή •
vocative	ψευδή • / ψευδής •	ψευδής •	ψευδές •	ψευδείς •	ψευδείς •	ψευδή •
derivations	Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ψευδής, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ψευδής, etc.)

Degrees of comparison by suffixation

comparative	singular			plural
comparative	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ψευδέστερος •	ψευδέστερη •	ψευδέστερο •	ψευδέστεροι •	ψευδέστερες •	ψευδέστερα •
genitive	ψευδέστερου •	ψευδέστερης •	ψευδέστερου •	ψευδέστερων •	ψευδέστερων •	ψευδέστερων •
accusative	ψευδέστερο •	ψευδέστερη •	ψευδέστερο •	ψευδέστερους •	ψευδέστερες •	ψευδέστερα •
vocative	ψευδέστερε •	ψευδέστερη •	ψευδέστερο •	ψευδέστεροι •	ψευδέστερες •	ψευδέστερα •
derivations	relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο ψευδέστερος", etc)
Absolute superlative	singular			plural
Absolute superlative	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ψευδέστατος •	ψευδέστατη •	ψευδέστατο •	ψευδέστατοι •	ψευδέστατες •	ψευδέστατα •
genitive	ψευδέστατου •	ψευδέστατης •	ψευδέστατου •	ψευδέστατων •	ψευδέστατων •	ψευδέστατων •
accusative	ψευδέστατο •	ψευδέστατη •	ψευδέστατο •	ψευδέστατους •	ψευδέστατες •	ψευδέστατα •
vocative	ψευδέστατε •	ψευδέστατη •	ψευδέστατο •	ψευδέστατοι •	ψευδέστατες •	ψευδέστατα •

Related terms

αψευδής (apsevdís, “not lying, truthful”)
ψευδώς (psevdós, adverb)
and see: ψεύδομαι (psévdomai, “I lie”) for stem ψευδ- & ψέμα (pséma)

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