σοφός
Ancient Greek
    
    Etymology
    
Unknown. If related to Σίσυφος (Sísuphos) and σαφής (saphḗs, “speaking clearly”), then likely from a substrate.[1]
Pronunciation
    
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /so.pʰós/
 - (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /soˈpʰos/
 - (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /soˈɸos/
 - (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /soˈfos/
 - (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /soˈfos/
 
Inflection
    
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | σοφός sophós  | 
σοφή sophḗ  | 
σοφόν sophón  | 
σοφώ sophṓ  | 
σοφᾱ́ sophā́  | 
σοφώ sophṓ  | 
σοφοί sophoí  | 
σοφαί sophaí  | 
σοφᾰ́ sophá  | |||||
| Genitive | σοφοῦ sophoû  | 
σοφῆς sophês  | 
σοφοῦ sophoû  | 
σοφοῖν sophoîn  | 
σοφαῖν sophaîn  | 
σοφοῖν sophoîn  | 
σοφῶν sophôn  | 
σοφῶν sophôn  | 
σοφῶν sophôn  | |||||
| Dative | σοφῷ sophôi  | 
σοφῇ sophêi  | 
σοφῷ sophôi  | 
σοφοῖν sophoîn  | 
σοφαῖν sophaîn  | 
σοφοῖν sophoîn  | 
σοφοῖς sophoîs  | 
σοφαῖς sophaîs  | 
σοφοῖς sophoîs  | |||||
| Accusative | σοφόν sophón  | 
σοφήν sophḗn  | 
σοφόν sophón  | 
σοφώ sophṓ  | 
σοφᾱ́ sophā́  | 
σοφώ sophṓ  | 
σοφούς sophoús  | 
σοφᾱ́ς sophā́s  | 
σοφᾰ́ sophá  | |||||
| Vocative | σοφέ sophé  | 
σοφή sophḗ  | 
σοφόν sophón  | 
σοφώ sophṓ  | 
σοφᾱ́ sophā́  | 
σοφώ sophṓ  | 
σοφοί sophoí  | 
σοφαί sophaí  | 
σοφᾰ́ sophá  | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| σοφῶς sophôs  | 
σοφώτερος sophṓteros  | 
σοφώτᾰτος sophṓtatos  | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | 
  | |||||||||||||
Derived terms
    
Derived terms
- σοφῐ́ᾱ (sophíā)
 
and:
- ἀγροικόσοφος (agroikósophos, “with rude mother-wit”)
 - ἀκρόσοφος (akrósophos, “high in wisdom”)
 - ἄσοφος (ásophos, “foolish”)
 - αὐτόσοφος (autósophos, “with native mother-wit”)
 - βᾰθῠσοφός (bathusophós)
 - δῐᾰ́σοφος (diásophos, “very wise”)
 - δοξομᾰταιόσοφος (doxomataiósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
 - δοξόσοφος (doxósophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
 - δοκησῐ́σοφος (dokēsísophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
 - ἐμφῐλόσοφος (emphilósophos, “philosophical”)
 - ἔνσοφος (énsophos, “wise in”)
 - ἐπίσσοφος m (epíssophos, “supervisor, an official at Thera”)
 - ἐθελοφῐλόσοφος m (ethelophilósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
 - ζωόσοφος (zōósophos, “wise unto life”)
 - ἡμῐ́σοφος (hēmísophos, “half-wise”)
 - θεόσοφος (theósophos, “wise in the things of God”)
 - θῡμόσοφος (thūmósophos, “wise from one's own soul”)
 - ἰᾱτροφῐλόσοφος m (iātrophilósophos, “scientific doctor”)
 - μῑκρόσοφος (mīkrósophos, “wise in small matters”)
 - μῑσόσοφος (mīsósophos, “hating wisdom”)
 - μωρόσοφος (mōrósophos, “foolishly wise, sapient fool”)
 - ὀφθαλμόσοφος (ophthalmósophos, “skilled in the eyes; oculist”)
 - οἰησῐ́σοφος (oiēsísophos, “wisein his own conceit”)
 - πάνσοφος (pánsophos, “most clever”)
 - πᾰντόσοφος (pantósophos, “most clever”)
 - πάσσοφος (pássophos, “πάνσοφος”)
 - πολῠ́σοφος (polúsophos, “very wise”)
 - προσποιησῐ́σοφος (prospoiēsísophos, “pretending to be wise”) προσποιήσοφος (prospoiḗsophos)
 - Σοφοκλέης m (Sophokléēs, “Sophocles”), Σοφοκλῆς (Sophoklês)
 - σοφόνοος (sophónoos, “wise-minded”), σοφόνους (sophónous)
 - σοφοτέχνης m (sophotékhnēs, “skilled in art”)
 - τρῐ́σοφος (trísophos, “thrice wise: very wise”)
 - ῠ̔πέρσοφος (hupérsophos, “exceedingly wise”)
 - ῠ̔πόσοφος (hupósophos, “sub-scientific”)
 - φιλοσοφοκλῆς (philosophoklês, “a lover of Sophocles”)
 - φῐλοσοφομειρᾰκίσκος m (philosophomeirakískos, “young man of science”)
 - φῐλόσοφος m (philósophos, “lover of wisdom, philosopher”)
 - χειρίσοφος (kheirísophos, “χειρόσοφος”)
 - Χειρίσοφος m (Kheirísophos, “male name”)
 - χειρόσοφος (kheirósophos, “skilled with the hands”)
 
Related terms
    
α...ω index for -σοφ-
Related terms
- ἀγροικόσοφος (agroikósophos, “with rude mother-wit”)
 - ἀκᾰτᾰσόφῐστος (akatasóphistos, “not to be put down by fallacies”)
 - ἀκρόσοφος (akrósophos, “high in wisdom”)
 - ἀντῐσοφῐ́ζομαι (antisophízomai, “use counter-devices”)
 - ἀντισοφῐστεύω (antisophisteúō)
 - ἀντισοφῐστής m (antisophistḗs, “who seeks to refute”)
 - ἀντιφῐλοσοφέω (antiphilosophéō, “hold contrary tenets”)
 - ἀποσοφόομαι (aposophóomai, “become wise”)
 - ἀσοφῐ́ᾱ f (asophíā, “folly, stupidity”)
 - ἀσόφῐστος (asóphistos, “not deluded by fallacies”)
 - ἄσοφος (ásophos, “foolish”)
 - αὐτοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (autosophíā, “authentic wisdom”)
 - αὐτόσοφος (autósophos, “with native wit, mother wit”)
 - ἀφῐλοσόφητος (aphilosóphētos, “not versed in philosophy”)
 - ἀφῐλοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (aphilosophíā, “contempt for philosophy”)
 - ἀφῐλόσοφος (aphilósophos, “without taste for philosophy, unphilosophical”)
 - βᾰθῠσοφός (bathusophós)
 - γυμνοσοφῐσταί m pl (gumnosophistaí, “naked philosophers, gymnosophists”)
 - γυμνοσοφῐστῐ́ᾱ f (gumnosophistíā, “wisdom of gymnosophists”)
 - δειπνοσοφῐστής m (deipnosophistḗs, “learned in the mysteries of the kitchen”), Δειπνοσοφισταί m pl (Deipnosophistaí, “title of work by Athenaeus”)
 - δῐᾰσοφῐ́ζομαι (diasophízomai, “argue like a sophist”)
 - δῐᾰ́σοφος (diásophos, “very wise”)
 - δοξομᾰταιόσοφος (doxomataiósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
 - δοξοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (doxosophíā, “conceit of wisdom”)
 - δοξόσοφος (doxósophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
 - δοκησῐσοφῐ́ᾱ f (dokēsisophíā, “conceit of wisdom”)
 - δοκησῐ́σοφος (dokēsísophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
 - ἐθελοφῐλόσοφος m (ethelophilósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
 - ἐμφῐλοσοφέω (emphilosophéō, “study philosophy in”)
 - ἐμφῐλόσοφος (emphilósophos, “philosophical”)
 - ἐνσοφῐστεύω (ensophisteúō, “tirck like a sophist”)
 - ἔνσοφος (énsophos, “wise in”)
 - ἐπῐσοφῐ́ζομαι (episophízomai, “devise in addition”)
 - ἐπίσσοφος m (epíssophos, “supervisor, an official at Thera”)
 - ἐθελοφῐλόσοφος m (ethelophilósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
 - ζωόσοφος (zōósophos, “wise unto life”)
 - ἡμῐ́σοφος (hēmísophos, “half-wise”)
 - θεοσοφέω (theosophéō, “have knowledge of things divine”)
 - θεοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (theosophíā, “knowledge of things divine”)
 - θεόσοφος (theósophos, “wise in the things of God”)
 - θῡμοσοφῐκός (thūmosophikós, “clever”)
 - θῡμόσοφος (thūmósophos, “wise from one's own soul”)
 - ἰᾱτροσοφῐστής m (iātrosophistḗs, “professor of medicine”)
 - ἰᾱτροφῐλόσοφος m (iātrophilósophos, “scientific doctor”)
 - κᾰτᾰσοφῐ́ζομαι (katasophízomai, “outwit by sophisms”)
 - κᾰτᾰσοφῐσμός m (katasophismós, “outwitting, trickery”)
 - κᾰτᾰφῐλοσοφέω (kataphilosophéō, “overcome in philosophizing”)
 - μεγᾰλοσοφῐστής m (megalosophistḗs, “μέγας (great) σοφιστής”)
 - μετεωροσοφῐστής m (meteōrosophistḗs, “astronomical sophist”)
 - μῑκρόσοφος (mīkrósophos, “wise in small matters”)
 - μῑσόσοφος (mīsósophos, “hating wisdom”)
 - μωρόσοφος (mōrósophos, “foolishly wise, sapient fool”)
 - ὀφθαλμόσοφος (ophthalmósophos, “skilled in the eyes; oculist”)
 - οἰησῐ́σοφος (oiēsísophos, “wisein his own conceit”)
 - πάνσοφος (pánsophos, “most clever”)
 - πᾰντόσοφος (pantósophos, “most clever”)
 - πᾰρᾰσοφῐ́ζομαι (parasophízomai, “out-do in skill, refine overmuch; apply art wrongly”)
 - πᾰρᾰσόφῐσμᾰ n (parasóphisma, “additional invention”)
 - πάσσοφος (pássophos, “πάνσοφος”)
 - περῐσοφῐ́ζομαι (perisophízomai, “overreach, cheat”)
 - πολῠ́σοφος (polúsophos, “very wise”)
 - προσποιησῐ́σοφος (prospoiēsísophos, “pretending to be wise”) προσποιήσοφος (prospoiḗsophos)
 - προσφῐλοσοφέω (prosphilosophéō, “speculate further upon”)
 - προσφῐλοσοφητέον (prosphilosophētéon, “must begin philosophy”)
 - σεσοφῐσμένως (sesophisménōs, “cunningly”, adverb)
 - σοφῐ́ᾱ f (sophíā, “skill, wisdom”)
 - σοφῐβόλος (sophibólos, “stupid”)
 - σοφῐ́ζω (sophízō, “make wise, instruct, devise”), σοφῐ́ζομαι
 - σοφῐ́η f (sophíē, “skill, wisdom, σοφία”) (Ionic)
 - σόφῐσμᾰ n (sóphisma, “skill, method”)
 - σοφῐσμᾰτῐκός (sophismatikós, “sophistical”)
 - σοφῐσμάτιον n (sophismátion, “diminutive of σόφισμα”)
 - σοφῐσματώδης (sophismatṓdēs, “sophistical”)
 - σοφῐσμός m (sophismós, “skill, method, σόφισμα”)
 - σοφῐστείᾱ f (sophisteíā, “sophistry”)
 - σοφῐστέον (sophistéon, “one must contrive”)
 - σοφῐστέος (sophistéos, “one must contrive”)
 - σοφῐ́στευμᾰ n (sophísteuma, “skill, method, σόφισμα”)
 - σοφῐστεύω (sophisteúō, “play the sophist; teach, give lectures”)
 - σοφῐστήρῐον n (sophistḗrion, “school of sophistry”)
 - σοφῐστής m (sophistḗs, “expert; philosopher, teacher; swindler”)
 - σοφῐστῐάω (sophistiáō, “play the sophist”)
 - σοφῐστῐκός (sophistikós, “of a sophist”)
 - σοφῐστορήτωρ m (sophistorḗtōr, “σοφιστὴς sophist and ῥήτωρ orator”)
 - σοφῐ́στρῐᾰ f (sophístria, “feminine of σοφιστής”)
 - Σοφοκλέης m (Sophokléēs, “Sophocles”) Σοφοκλῆς (Sophoklês)
 - σοφόνοος (sophónoos, “wise-minded”), σοφόνους (sophónous)
 - σοφός (sophós, “wise”)
 - σοφοτέχνης m (sophotékhnēs, “skilled in art”)
 - σοφόω (sophóō, “σοφίζω, make wise, instruct, devise”)
 - σῠμφῐλοσοφέω (sumphilosophéō, “join in philosophizing”)
 - σῠνασοφέω (sunasophéō, “be unwise, foolish along with”)
 - τρῐ́σοφος (trísophos, “thrice wise: very wise”)
 - ῠ̔περσοφῐστεύω (hupersophisteúō, “be an arch-sophist”)
 - ῠ̔περσοφῐστής m (hupersophistḗs, “arch-sophist”)
 - ῠ̔πέρσοφος (hupérsophos, “exceedingly wise”)
 - ῠ̔περφῐλοσοφέω (huperphilosophéō, “philosophize exceedingly”)
 - ῠ̔πόσοφος (hupósophos, “sub-scientific”)
 - φῐλοσοφέω (philosophéō, “philosophize, love knowledge”)
 - φῐλοσόφημᾰ n (philosóphēma, “a subject of philosophic inquiry; logic demonstration, principal”)
 - φῐλοσοφητέον n (philosophētéon, “must pursue wisdom”)
 - φῐλοσοφητέος (philosophētéos, “must pursue wisdom”)
 - φῐλοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (philosophíā, “love of knowledge, philosophy”)
 - φῐλοσοφῐκός m (philosophikós, “concerned with philosophy”)
 - φιλοσοφοκλῆς (philosophoklês, “a lover of Sophocles”)
 - φῐλοσοφομειρᾰκίσκος m (philosophomeirakískos, “young man of science”)
 - φῐλόσοφος m (philósophos, “lover of wisdom, philosopher”)
 - χειρίσοφος (kheirísophos, “χειρόσοφος”)
 - Χειρίσοφος m (Kheirísophos, “male name”)
 - χειρόσοφος (kheirósophos, “skilled with the hands”)
 - ψευδοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (pseudosophíā, “false wisdom”)
 - ψευδοσοφῐστής m (pseudosophistḗs, “sham-sophist”)
 
References
    
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σοφός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1374-75
 
Further reading
    
- “σοφός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
 - σοφός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
 - Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
 - G4680 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
 - Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. 
- able idem, page 2.
 - acute idem, page 10.
 - adroit idem, page 13.
 - astute idem, page 48.
 - capable idem, page 111.
 - clever idem, page 137.
 - deep idem, page 203.
 - deft idem, page 206.
 - dexterous idem, page 221.
 - doctor idem, page 245.
 - erudite idem, page 281.
 - genius idem, page 357.
 - good idem, page 366.
 - intelligent idem, page 448.
 - learned idem, page 483.
 - philosopher idem, page 610.
 - proficient idem, page 653.
 - profound idem, page 653.
 - sagacious idem, page 731.
 - sage idem, page 731.
 - savant idem, page 735.
 - scholar idem, page 739.
 - shrewd idem, page 770.
 - skilful idem, page 780.
 - thinker idem, page 867.
 - wise idem, page 982.
 - wiseacre idem, page 982.
 
 
Greek
    
    Etymology
    
From Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós).
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /soˈfos/
 - Hyphenation: σο‧φός
 
Declension
    
Declension of σοφός
| number  case \ gender  | 
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | σοφός • | σοφή • | σοφό • | σοφοί • | σοφές • | σοφά • | 
| genitive | σοφού • | σοφής • | σοφού • | σοφών • | σοφών • | σοφών • | 
| accusative | σοφό • | σοφή • | σοφό • | σοφούς • | σοφές • | σοφά • | 
| vocative | σοφέ • | σοφή • | σοφό • | σοφοί • | σοφές • | σοφά • | 
| derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο σοφός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο σοφός, etc.)  | |||||
Degrees of comparison by suffixation
| comparative | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | σοφότερος • | σοφότερη • | σοφότερο • | σοφότεροι • | σοφότερες • | σοφότερα • | 
| genitive | σοφότερου • | σοφότερης • | σοφότερου • | σοφότερων • | σοφότερων • | σοφότερων • | 
| accusative | σοφότερο • | σοφότερη • | σοφότερο • | σοφότερους • | σοφότερες • | σοφότερα • | 
| vocative | σοφότερε • | σοφότερη • | σοφότερο • | σοφότεροι • | σοφότερες • | σοφότερα • | 
| derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο σοφότερος", etc) | |||||
| Absolute superlative | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | σοφότατος • | σοφότατη • | σοφότατο • | σοφότατοι • | σοφότατες • | σοφότατα • | 
| genitive | σοφότατου • | σοφότατης • | σοφότατου • | σοφότατων • | σοφότατων • | σοφότατων • | 
| accusative | σοφότατο • | σοφότατη • | σοφότατο • | σοφότατους • | σοφότατες • | σοφότατα • | 
| vocative | σοφότατε • | σοφότατη • | σοφότατο • | σοφότατοι • | σοφότατες • | σοφότατα • | 
Declension
    
Related terms
    
- αμπελοφιλοσοφία f (ampelofilosofía, “inferior philosophy”)
 - αμπελοφιλόσοφος m (ampelofilósofos, “self-important thinker”)
 - άσοφα (ásofa, “unwisely”, adverb)
 - άσοφος (ásofos, “unwise”)
 - αφιλοσόφητος (afilosófitos, “not versed in philosophy”)
 - γιατροσόφι n (giatrosófi, “folk medicine”)
 - : ιατροσόφιο n (iatrosófio, “folk medicine”) (rare)
 - δοκησισοφία f (dokisisofía, “conceit of wisdom”)
 - δοκησίσοφος (dokisísofos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
 - θεοσοφία f (theosofía, “theosophy”)
 - θεοσοφισμός m (theosofismós, “theosophism”)
 - θυμοσοφία f (thymosofía, “mother wit, practical wisdom”)
 - θυμόσοφος (thymósofos, “with native wit”)
 - ιατροφιλόσοφος m (iatrofilósofos, “physician of older times, occupied with philosophy”)
 - κενόσοφος (kenósofos, “empty of meaningful thinking”)
 - μεταφιλοσοφία f (metafilosofía, “metaphilosophy”)
 - ξυλόσοφος (xylósofos, “would-be philosopher”) (jocular)
 - πάνσοφα (pánsofa, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb)
 - πανσοφία f (pansofía, “extreme wisdom, pansophy, omniscience, polymathy”)
 - πάνσοφος (pánsofos, “most wise, pansoph, omniscient, polymath”)
 - πανσόφως (pansófos, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) (formal)
 - σοφά (sofá, “wisely”, adverb)
 - σοφία f (sofía, “wisdom”), Σοφία f (Sofía, “female name: wisdom”)
 - σοφίζομαι (sofízomai, “devise, make out”)
 - σόφισμα n (sófisma, “sophism”)
 - σοφιστεία f (sofisteía, “sophistry”)
 - σοφιστής m (sofistís, “sophist”)
 - σοφιστικέ (sofistiké, “sophistiqué, sophisticated, refined”)
 - σοφιστική f (sofistikí, “the art and teaching of sophists”)
 - σοφιστικός (sofistikós, “of a sophist”)
 - σοφόκλειος (sofókleios, “referring to the tragic poet Sophocles”)
 - Σοφοκλής m (Sofoklís, “Sophocles”)
 - : Σοφοκλῆς m (“Sophocles”) (polytonic)
 - σοφολογιότατος (sofologiótatos, “a wise scholar; pedantic”)
 - σοφόν τὸ σαφές (sophón tò saphés, “(adage) wise is the precise”)
 - φιλοσοφία f (filosofía, “philosophy”) and derivatives
 - ψευδόσοφος m (psevdósofos, “a fake wise man”)
 - ψευδοφιλόσοφος m (psevdofilósofos, “pseudo-philosopher”)
 
Further reading
    
- σοφός - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
 
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