πτωχός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
According to Beekes, since it is highly probable that πτώξ (ptṓx, “hare”) is related, it is probably a Pre-Greek word, in view of the alternation χ/κ.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ptɔː.kʰós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ptoˈkʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ptoˈxos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ptoˈxos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ptoˈxos/
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ πτωχός ho ptōkhós |
τὼ πτωχώ tṑ ptōkhṓ |
οἱ πτωχοί hoi ptōkhoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ πτωχοῦ toû ptōkhoû |
τοῖν πτωχοῖν toîn ptōkhoîn |
τῶν πτωχῶν tôn ptōkhôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ πτωχῷ tôi ptōkhôi |
τοῖν πτωχοῖν toîn ptōkhoîn |
τοῖς πτωχοῖς toîs ptōkhoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν πτωχόν tòn ptōkhón |
τὼ πτωχώ tṑ ptōkhṓ |
τοὺς πτωχούς toùs ptōkhoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | πτωχέ ptōkhé |
πτωχώ ptōkhṓ |
πτωχοί ptōkhoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Adjective
πτωχός • (ptōkhós) m (feminine πτωχή, neuter πτωχόν); first/second declension
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | πτωχός ptōkhós |
πτωχή ptōkhḗ |
πτωχόν ptōkhón |
πτωχώ ptōkhṓ |
πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́ |
πτωχώ ptōkhṓ |
πτωχοί ptōkhoí |
πτωχαί ptōkhaí |
πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá | |||||
| Genitive | πτωχοῦ ptōkhoû |
πτωχῆς ptōkhês |
πτωχοῦ ptōkhoû |
πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn |
πτωχαῖν ptōkhaîn |
πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn |
πτωχῶν ptōkhôn |
πτωχῶν ptōkhôn |
πτωχῶν ptōkhôn | |||||
| Dative | πτωχῷ ptōkhôi |
πτωχῇ ptōkhêi |
πτωχῷ ptōkhôi |
πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn |
πτωχαῖν ptōkhaîn |
πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn |
πτωχοῖς ptōkhoîs |
πτωχαῖς ptōkhaîs |
πτωχοῖς ptōkhoîs | |||||
| Accusative | πτωχόν ptōkhón |
πτωχήν ptōkhḗn |
πτωχόν ptōkhón |
πτωχώ ptōkhṓ |
πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́ |
πτωχώ ptōkhṓ |
πτωχούς ptōkhoús |
πτωχᾱ́ς ptōkhā́s |
πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá | |||||
| Vocative | πτωχέ ptōkhé |
πτωχή ptōkhḗ |
πτωχόν ptōkhón |
πτωχώ ptōkhṓ |
πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́ |
πτωχώ ptōkhṓ |
πτωχοί ptōkhoí |
πτωχαί ptōkhaí |
πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| πτωχῶς ptōkhôs |
πτωχότερος ptōkhóteros |
πτωχότᾰτος ptōkhótatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- πτωχείᾱ (ptōkheíā)
- πτωχελένη (ptōkhelénē)
- πτωχεύω (ptōkheúō)
- πτωχή (ptōkhḗ)
- πτωχόμουσος (ptōkhómousos)
- πτωχοποιός (ptōkhopoiós)
- πτωχότης (ptōkhótēs)
- πτωχοτροφεῖον (ptōkhotropheîon)
- πτωχότροφος (ptōkhótrophos)
- πτωχοφᾰνής (ptōkhophanḗs)
- πτωχῶς (ptōkhôs)
- πτωχᾰλᾰζών (ptōkhalazṓn)
- πτωχῐ́ζω (ptōkhízō)
- πτωχῐκός (ptōkhikós)
- πτωχῐ́στερος (ptōkhísteros)
- ὑπέρπτωχος (hupérptōkhos)
Descendants
- → English: ptochology
- Greek: φτωχός (ftochós)
- → Italian: pitocco
Further reading
- “πτωχός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πτωχός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πτωχός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πτωχός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πτωχός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4434 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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