λάρυγξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Connected to Latin lurcō (“to eat greedily, guzzle”) and Middle High German slurc (“throat”) by Pokorny, possibly reshaped according to φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phárunx, “throat; pharynx”). Pre-Greek according to Beekes, due to the prenasalized suffix -υγγ-.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /lá.ryŋks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈla.ryŋks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈla.ryŋks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈla.ryŋks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈla.riŋks/

Noun

λᾰ́ρῠγξ • (lárunx) m (genitive λᾰ́ρῠγγος or λᾰ́ρῠγος); third declension

larynx, upper part of windpipe
gullet, throat

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ; τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγγος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ ho lárunx	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγγε tṑ lárunge	οἱ λᾰ́ρῠγγες hoi lárunges
Genitive	τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγγος toû lárungos	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γγοιν toîn larúngoin	τῶν λᾰρῠ́γγων tôn larúngōn
Dative	τῷ λᾰ́ρῠγγῐ tôi lárungi	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γγοιν toîn larúngoin	τοῖς λᾰ́ρῠγξῐ / λᾰ́ρῠγξῐν toîs lárunxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν λᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ tòn lárunga	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγγε tṑ lárunge	τοὺς λᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς toùs lárungas
Vocative	λᾰ́ρῠγξ lárunx	λᾰ́ρῠγγε lárunge	λᾰ́ρῠγγες lárunges
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ; τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγος (rare, Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λᾰ́ρῠγξ ho lárunx	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγε tṑ láruge	οἱ λᾰ́ρῠγες hoi láruges
Genitive	τοῦ λᾰ́ρῠγος toû lárugos	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γοιν toîn larúgoin	τῶν λᾰρῠ́γων tôn larúgōn
Dative	τῷ λᾰ́ρῠγῐ tôi lárugi	τοῖν λᾰρῠ́γοιν toîn larúgoin	τοῖς λᾰ́ρῠξῐ / λᾰ́ρῠξῐν toîs láruxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν λᾰ́ρῠγᾰ tòn láruga	τὼ λᾰ́ρῠγε tṑ láruge	τοὺς λᾰ́ρῠγᾰς toùs lárugas
Vocative	λᾰ́ρῠγξ lárunx	λᾰ́ρῠγε láruge	λᾰ́ρῠγες láruges
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

βδελλολᾰ́ρῠγξ (bdellolárunx)
λᾰρῠγγός (larungós)
λᾰρῠγγοτομέω (larungotoméō)
λᾰρῠγγόφωνος (larungóphōnos)
λᾰρῠγγῐ́ζω (larungízō)
λᾰρῠγγῐκός (larungikós)
λᾰρῠ́γγῐον (larúngion)
λᾰρῠγγῐᾰ́ω (larungiáō)

Related terms

λᾰρῠγγισμός (larungismós)

Descendants

Descendants of λάρυγξ in other languages

Greek: λάρυγγας (láryngas), λαρύγγι (larýngi)
→ Italian: laringe
→ Latin: larynx
- → English: larynx
- → French: larynx

References

“λάρυγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- gullet idem, page 379.
- larynx idem, page 477.
- trachea idem, page 885.
- windpipe idem, page 981.
λάρυγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“λάρυγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Pokorny, Julius (1949–1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern, p. 965f.
G2995 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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