δειλός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós), Latin dīrus, Old Armenian երկն (erkn).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /deː.lós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /diˈlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ðiˈlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ðiˈlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ðiˈlos/

Adjective

δειλός • (deilós) m (feminine δειλή, neuter δειλόν); first/second declension

cowardly
Antonym: ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
wretched, sorrowful
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.54:
  ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή, ὤ μοι δυσαριστοτόκεια,
  ṓ moi egṑ deilḗ, ṓ moi dusaristotókeia,
  Oh, [how] wretched I am, oh, I am the unhappy mother of the noblest son,

Inflection

First and second declension of δειλός; δειλή; δειλόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	δειλός deilós	δειλή deilḗ	δειλόν deilón	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλᾱ́ deilā́	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλοί deiloí	δειλαί deilaí	δειλᾰ́ deilá
Genitive	δειλοῦ deiloû	δειλῆς deilês	δειλοῦ deiloû	δειλοῖν deiloîn	δειλαῖν deilaîn	δειλοῖν deiloîn	δειλῶν deilôn	δειλῶν deilôn	δειλῶν deilôn
Dative	δειλῷ deilôi	δειλῇ deilêi	δειλῷ deilôi	δειλοῖν deiloîn	δειλαῖν deilaîn	δειλοῖν deiloîn	δειλοῖς deiloîs	δειλαῖς deilaîs	δειλοῖς deiloîs
Accusative	δειλόν deilón	δειλήν deilḗn	δειλόν deilón	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλᾱ́ deilā́	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλούς deiloús	δειλᾱ́ς deilā́s	δειλᾰ́ deilá
Vocative	δειλέ deilé	δειλή deilḗ	δειλόν deilón	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλᾱ́ deilā́	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλοί deiloí	δειλαί deilaí	δειλᾰ́ deilá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	δειλῶς deilôs			δειλότερος deilóteros			δειλότᾰτος deilótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of δειλός; δειλή; δειλόν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	δειλός deilós	δειλή deilḗ	δειλόν deilón	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλᾱ́ deilā́	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλοί deiloí	δειλαί deilaí	δειλᾰ́ deilá
Genitive	δειλοῦ / δειλοῖο / δειλόο deiloû / deiloîo / deilóo	δειλῆς deilês	δειλοῦ / δειλοῖο / δειλόο deiloû / deiloîo / deilóo	δειλοῖῐν deiloîin	δειλαῖν / δειλαῖῐν / δειλῇῐν deilaî(i)n / deilêiin	δειλοῖῐν deiloîin	δειλῶν deilôn	δειλᾱ́ων / δειλέ͜ων / δειλῶν deilā́ōn / deilé͜ōn / deilôn	δειλῶν deilôn
Dative	δειλῷ deilôi	δειλῇ deilêi	δειλῷ deilôi	δειλοῖῐν deiloîin	δειλαῖν / δειλαῖῐν / δειλῇῐν deilaî(i)n / deilêiin	δειλοῖῐν deiloîin	δειλοῖσῐ / δειλοῖσῐν / δειλοῖς deiloîsi(n) / deiloîs	δειλῇσῐ / δειλῇσῐν / δειλῇς / δειλαῖς deilêisi(n) / deilêis / deilaîs	δειλοῖσῐ / δειλοῖσῐν / δειλοῖς deiloîsi(n) / deiloîs
Accusative	δειλόν deilón	δειλήν deilḗn	δειλόν deilón	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλᾱ́ deilā́	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλούς deiloús	δειλᾱ́ς deilā́s	δειλᾰ́ deilá
Vocative	δειλέ deilé	δειλή deilḗ	δειλόν deilón	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλᾱ́ deilā́	δειλώ deilṓ	δειλοί deiloí	δειλαί deilaí	δειλᾰ́ deilá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	δειλῶς deilôs			δειλότερος deilóteros			δειλότᾰτος deilótatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

δειλία (deilía)
δειλότης (deilótēs)

References

“δειλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
δειλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
δειλός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)

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