βαλιός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The formation is similar to πολιός (poliós, “grey”) and other colour adjectives. Since *b- is rare in Proto-Indo-European, it has been considered a loanword from another language, perhaps Thracian, Phrygian and Illyrian. If so, the genuinely Greek cognate would have to be φαλιός (phaliós, “with a white spot”). Pokorny posits Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“shiny, white”). Also Comparing Albanian ballë (“horse with a white spot on its forehead”), close to Proto-Albanian *balā, or from it.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ba.li.ós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ba.liˈos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βa.liˈos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /va.liˈos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /va.liˈos/

Adjective

βᾰλῐός • (baliós) m (feminine βᾰλῐᾱ́, neuter βᾰλῐόν); first/second declension

spotted, dappled, mottled
Synonyms: ποικῐ́λος (poikílos), ῥᾰντός (rhantós)
swift, rapid, fast

Inflection

First and second declension of βᾰλῐός; βᾰλῐᾱ́; βᾰλῐόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	βᾰλῐός baliós	βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́	βᾰλῐόν balión	βᾰλῐώ baliṓ	βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́	βᾰλῐώ baliṓ	βᾰλῐοί balioí	βᾰλῐαί baliaí	βᾰλῐᾰ́ baliá
Genitive	βᾰλῐοῦ balioû	βᾰλῐᾶς baliâs	βᾰλῐοῦ balioû	βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn	βᾰλῐαῖν baliaîn	βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn	βᾰλῐῶν baliôn	βᾰλῐῶν baliôn	βᾰλῐῶν baliôn
Dative	βᾰλῐῷ baliôi	βᾰλῐᾷ baliâi	βᾰλῐῷ baliôi	βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn	βᾰλῐαῖν baliaîn	βᾰλῐοῖν balioîn	βᾰλῐοῖς balioîs	βᾰλῐαῖς baliaîs	βᾰλῐοῖς balioîs
Accusative	βᾰλῐόν balión	βᾰλῐᾱ́ν baliā́n	βᾰλῐόν balión	βᾰλῐώ baliṓ	βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́	βᾰλῐώ baliṓ	βᾰλῐούς balioús	βᾰλῐᾱ́ς baliā́s	βᾰλῐᾰ́ baliá
Vocative	βᾰλῐέ balié	βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́	βᾰλῐόν balión	βᾰλῐώ baliṓ	βᾰλῐᾱ́ baliā́	βᾰλῐώ baliṓ	βᾰλῐοί balioí	βᾰλῐαί baliaí	βᾰλῐᾰ́ baliá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	βᾰλῐῶς baliôs			βᾰλῐώτερος baliṓteros			βᾰλῐώτᾰτος baliṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Βᾰλῐ́ος (Balíos)